The Emergence of the Cold War

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The Emergence of the Cold War

• Evident even during final stages of WWII
• Isolationism virtually nonexistent in U.S. after
  WWII
• Churchills Iron Curtain speech
• Communist expansion in E. Europe
• UN becomes primary battleground--Chinese
  communists overtake mainland--Jiang Jieshi and
  Mao Zedong

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United Nations
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Intensification of the Cold War

• Maos discontent with SovietsU.S. belief in
  conspiracy
• Intensification of communist movements
  elsewhereIndia, Africa, SE Asia
• Creation of CIA (1947), Fulbright Program (1946)
• ContainmentTruman and Kennan
• American abandonment of E. EuropeMarshall Plan
  (1948)NATO (1949)

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Cold to Hot

• Merging of West GermanyBerlin blockade (1948)
• Eventually Berlin Wall
• Korean War
• -Joint occupation of Korea after WWII
• -1948 free elections in South, none in North
• -1950 North invades South
• -UN and U.S. intervention
• -MacArthurInchon
• -Chinese involvement
• -MacArthur insubordination
• -Eventual truce

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Thawing of the Cold War

• Death of Stalin (1953) leads to better relations
• De-Stalinization
• Khrushchev mainly bark and no bite
• Meetings with NixonKitchen Debate
• Still not perfect relations
• -Hydrogen bomb
• -Soviet invasion of Hungary (1956)
• -Suez Crisis (1956)Support of Israel
• -Sputnik (1957)NASA
• -Competition in Third World nations
• -Dulles--liberation, Eisenhower Doctrine

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1947 UN Resolution for the Partition of Palestine
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1948 British Departure from Area

• Immediate fighting between newly formed Israeli
  state and a coalition of Palestinian groups and
  neighboring Islamic nations who opposed creation
  of Israel.
• Close to 750,00 Palestinians flee Israeli
  territorymost voluntarily.
• Once Palestinians leave almost immediate action
  by Israel to populate vacant areas.

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The Relationship Freezes Again

• Eisenhowers reluctance to engage in arms
  racefarewell address
• Paris conference 1960U2 incident
• Kennedys ascension/Khrushchevs political
  troubles
• Cuba becomes flashpoint

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Cuba

• Ouster of Batista and rise of Castro (1959)
• Castro had long been political dissident
• Exiled in U.S before return
• Led revolutionary forceseventually dictator
• Nationalized industryCIA covert ops, Bay of Pigs
• Pushed into arms of Soviets

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Vietnam

• WWII cooperation w/U.S.
• 1946-1954 Revolution
• N. and S. Vietnam 1954
• Geneva Accords
• U.S. support of SouthNgo Dinh Diem
• Catholic, pro-American, oppressive and corrupt
• Diems assassination (1963) and increase in
  advisors

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