Heirs to Rome: Late Antiquity

1
Heirs to Rome Late Antiquity Early Medieval
Europe
2
Todays Topics

• I. Dark Ages Barbarians (5th c.)
• II. Byzantine Empire (5th-14th c.
• III. Expansion of Islam (7th c. - )
• IV. Charlemagne Carolingian Renaissance
  (9th c.)

3
(No Transcript)
4
Germanic Kingdoms

• When?
• Ca. 370-530
• Who?
• Huns, Vandals, Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Franks,
  A-Saxons
• Where?
• From East and North and South, all over Europe
• Why?
• Migration outside pressure farmland collapse
  of Rome
• So What?

5
Barbarian Invasions
6
Location of Germanic Tribes

• P. 223 in your textbook

7
Fighting Barbarians
Ostrogoth
8
More Fighting Barbarians
9
Various views of Barbarians

• Ammianus Marcellinus
• They have squat bodies, strong limbs, and thick
  necks, and are prodigiously uglyThey have no
  buildings to shelter themThey never change their
  clothing until it rots to pieces. (p. 221)
• Priscus
• Attilas dwelling had highly polished timbers
  and elegant towersMaidens came to meet him under
  fine white linens, and offered him dainties and
  other wine, which he graciously accepted from
  his horse. (p. 221)
• Tacitus
• In the election of kings they look to birth for
  generals, valor between wars they are in a
  sluggish repose, divided between sleep and the
  table.They have an ignorance of the art of
  building.The matrimonial bond is nevertheless
  strict and severe among them, and adultery is
  extremely rare, its punishment instant.

10
Significance of Germanic Tribes in Western Civ

• Germanic Roman Christian Europe
• Intermarriage, assimilation, and transformation
  of Roman legacy
• Slow conversion to Xity
• Collapse rebuilding of polit. states econ.
  Trade large latifundia
• Germanic legal traditions
• Local gt imperial control

11
II. Byzantine Empire

• Begun in 6th c. by Emperor Justinian lasts until
  13th c. when conquered by Turks
• Capital at Constantinople
• Battles against expansionist Islam
• Eastern Orthodox Christianity, w/ patriarch
• Innovative Legal developments
• Complex imperial administration (byzantine)
• See Map, p. 250

12
Emperor Justinian (527-565)

• Digest and Law Codes and Institutes
• Built Hagia Sophia
• Married Theodora
• Plague
• Promoted Eastern Christianity (Greek Orthodox)

Noble, pp. 224-228
13
The Hagia Sophia (Constantinople)
See p. 229 in our textbook
14
(No Transcript)
15
Mosaics at Ravenna (Justinian, Theodora)

• See pp. 227 and 237 in our textbook

16
(No Transcript)
17
III. Expansion of Islam
Arab Conquest to 733
18
Expansion of Islam

• Muhammad (570-632)
• Prophet of new religion
• Hijra (622)
• pilgrimage from Mecca to Medina
• Umayyad dynasty (661-750)
• Abbasid dynasty (750-12th c.)
• Sunni vs. Shia

19
IV. Charlemagne (768-814)

• King of Franks (in Gaul)
• New ruling ideology
• Ardent defender of Christanity
• United FR, GER, NETH, N.Italy
• Supra-regional empire
• Carolingian miniscule
• Court at Aix-la-Chapelle
• See Noble, p. 257 ff.

20
Charlemagnes Empire
See also the map in Noble, p. 259
21
Einhard

• See p. 260 in textbook, and on Internet History
  Sourcebook
• Biographer of Charlemagne consciously imitates
  Suetonius.

22
Charlemagne the Church
23
Charlemagne the Church
24
German Fraktur vs. Carolingian Miniscule
25
(No Transcript)
26
See Noble, p. 273
27
Royal Palace at Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen)
See p. 263 in textbook
28
Charlemagnes Palace at Aachen
29
Charlemagnes Palatine Chapel