Structure and Function of Nucleic Acid

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? ? ?????????

• Structure and Function of Nucleic Acid

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? ?(nucleic acid)
??????????????????,??????????
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??????????????

• 1868? Fridrich Miescher?????????
• 1944? Avery????DNA?????
• 1953? Watson?Crick??DNA??????
• 1968? Nirenberg??????
• 1975? Temin?Baltimore??????
• 1981? Gilbert?Sanger??DNA ????
• 1985? Mullis??PCR ??
• 1990? ???????????(HGP)
• 1994? ???????????
• 2001? ??????????????????

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??????????
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??? ?????????????The Chemical Component and
Primary Structure of Nucleic Acid
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???????
1. ???? C?H?O?N?P(910)
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???????
?? nucleic acid
??? nucleotide
?? nucleoside
?? phosphate
??? purine base ? ??? pyrimidine base
?? ribose ? ???? deoxyribose
(?? base)
(?? amyl sugar)
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? ?
??(purine)
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??(pyrimidine)
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H
H
???
















??
???
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? ?
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???????
ß-D-??
ß-D-2-????
??????
?
?? H
??
????
FeCl3
?
?-??-?-???
???
???? H
????
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????????
??AR, GR, UR, CR ????dAR, dGR, dTR, dCR
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? ?
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OH
??
???(?)
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RNA???
??? AMP, GMP, UMP, CMP ????? dAMP, dGMP, dTMP,
dCMP
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???????????????

• ??????NMP,NDP,NTP

• ????? cAMP,cGMP

• ???????????
• NAD?NADP?CoA-SH?FAD ???? AMP

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???
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????????????????????RNA?DNA????????
???????????
ATP????
UTP???????????
CTP???????
GTP???????????
????cAMP cGTP
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C
A
G
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?????????

• ??
• ????????????
• ????????????????,??????????

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????
5? pApCpTpGpCpT-OH 3?
5? A C T G C T 3?
? ?
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??? DNA????????Dimensional Structure and
Function of DNA
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• DNA?????-?????
• DNA???????????????
• DNA?????????
• DNA????????????????
• DNA??????
• ????DNA?????
• DNA????????????
• DNA???

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?? DNA????? ?????
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(?)DNA??????????
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(?) DNA????????? (Watson, Crick, 1953)

• DNA????????????????????????,???-????-??-???,??????
  ??????????????2nm,????(major groove)???(minor
  groove)???

? ?
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(?) DNA????????? (Watson, Crick, 1953)

• ?????????????,???????????(??????AT G?C) ?
• ????????0.34nm,??????3.4nm,??10????

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??????
G
C
T
A
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(?) DNA????????? (Watson, Crick, 1953)

• ???????????,???????????????

? ?
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DNA????????
B-DNA92????,??????DNA??,?Watson ?Crick????????
A-DNA75????,????DNA-RNA?????????,???????B?A?????
???20,????????????????
Z-DNA??????????,???1.8nm,??4.5nm,????12?bp,?????B
-DNA?Z-DNA????????????????
C-DNA4446????,??3.09nm,????9.33????,?????6????
?????B-DNA?A-DNA???????
D-DNA60????,DNA?A?T?????????????8?bp,??2.43nm,??
????16?
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(?)DNA?????????
? ?
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DNA?????
?????????(dcDNA)?????
?????
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??DNA????????????????
(?)DNA??????
?????(superhelix ?supercoil) DNA????????????????
????(positive supercoil) ?????DNA???????
????(negative supercoil) ?????DNA???????
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?? DNA??????????????????????DNA???RNA???????????
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(?)????DNA?????
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(?)DNA????????????
????????DNA??????,?????? ???(nucleosome)?
?????? DNA?200bp ???H1 H2A,H2B H3 H4
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(No Transcript)
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??????????

• ??????
• ???? 7 6
  40 5
  (8400)
• DNA ? ??? ? ??? ? ???? ? ????
• 2nm 10nm 30(10)nm
  400nm 210µm
• ???? ???? ????
  ????

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(No Transcript)
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??DNA???
DNA??????????????????,?????????????????????????,??
????????????
????????,??DNA????????,???????????????????
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??? RNA??????
Structure and Function of RNA
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RNA?????????
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? ???RNA??????
mRNA????
??? (intron)
??? (exon)
? ?
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mRNA????
1. ?????mRNA?5???????????7-????,?????????C2?????
,??????m7GpppNm-?
2. ?????mRNA?3??????????(polyA)??,????A??
????
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7-??
????
5
5
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???????A????
mRNA???????? mRNA?????? ???????
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mRNA??? ?DNA????????,?????????,?????????,??????
?????????????
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????RNA??????

• tRNA???????
• ? 1020 ????,? DHU ? ? ?T?I
• 3??? CCA-OH
• 5??????G
• ?? T?C

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????
?????
N,N??????
4-????
N6-??????
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3?

• tRNA?????
• ????
• ????
• DHU?
• T?C?
• ???
• ????

5?
5?
3?
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?????? ?????

• tRNA?????
• ?L?

• tRNA???
• ????????????,?????????

??????????????????????????
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??????RNA??????
rRNA???
rRNA??? ????????,?????????????
???????? ???
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rRNA???(??????)
???? 5S rRNA 28S rRNA 5.8S rRNA 18S rRNA
???? 5S rRNA 23S rRNA 16S rRNA
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???????
????(???????) ????(???????) ????(??????) ????(??????)
??? 30S 30S 40S 40S
rRNA 16S 1542???? 18S 1874????
??? 21? ?????40 33? ?????50

??? 50S 50S 60S 60S
rRNA 23S 5S 2940???? 120???? 28S 5.85S 5S 4718???? 160???? 120????
??? 31? ?????30 49? ?????35
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? ??????RNA?RNA??
snmRNAs
??????RNA?,????????????????????RNA,????mRNA?RNA(sm
all non-messenger RNAs, snmRNAs)?
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????? ????? ????? ????? RNA??? ??,??? ????? ?????
RNA? siRNA?? ????? ??mRNA? ?,???? ??? ????? ??RNA?
????? ?????
snmRNAs??? ???RNA ???RNA ???RNA ????RNA ????? RNA

snRNA
snoRNA
scRNA
siRNA
snmRNAs??? ??hnRNA?rRNA???????
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RNA??
RNA???????snmRNAs?????????????????????????????????
??????snmRNAs??????????????
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? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? The Physical and Chemical
Characters of Nucleic Acid
? ?
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(No Transcript)
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OD260???
1. DNA?RNA??? OD2601.0??? 50µg/ml??DNA 40µg/ml??D
NA(?RNA) 20µg/ml???? 2.????????? DNA??
OD260/OD280 1.8 RNA?? OD260/OD280 2.0
? ?
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??DNA???(denaturation)
????????????,DNA?????????????
?????,?,??,???????? ??????????????????
???????????
OD260?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????
? ?
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DNA??????????????
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?????????????
DNA???????

• ????DNA??????OD260??????

? ?
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???

• ???????????DNA????????A260(absorbance,A,A260?????
  260nm?????)???,????????????

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• Tm?????????????????,??????,????????????50??????
  DNA?????,??????(melting temperature,
  Tm)?????GC??????

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??DNA????????
DNA??(renaturation)??? ??????,??DNA???????????????
??,?????????
????DNA??????????,????????(annealing) ? ???????
Tm--250
???? DNA???,???OD260???
? ?
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??????(hybridization)
?DNA?????????,????????DNA?????RNA?????????,???????
?????????????????,??????(???????)?,???????????????
?(heteroduplex)? ????????????DNA?DNA????,????DNA?R
NA?????RNA?RNA???????????????????
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(No Transcript)
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DNA-DNA ??????
?????DNA??
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(No Transcript)
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????????? ??DNA??????????? ?????????????? ????????
?????????? ??????????
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? ? ? ? ? ? Nuclease
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• ???????????????
• ????????
• DNA?(deoxyribonuclease, DNase)
• ????DNA?
• RNA? (ribonuclease, RNase)
• ????RNA?
• ????????
• ?????????????????????????????
• ?????5?3?3?5??????

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??????
?????????????????????

• ??DNA???????RNA????????????????????
• ??????????????????,?????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ????DNA?????????

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? ?

• ???RNA (ribozyme) ???????????????RNA?

• ???DNA (DNAzyme) ??????????????,?????????RNA?