DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid The Blueprint of Life I. DNA Structure & Function A. What is DNA? 1. Organic molecule 2. Nucleic acid B.Where is it located? – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid


1
DNA Deoxyribonucleic AcidThe Blueprint of Life
  • I. DNA Structure Function

2
A. What is DNA?
  • 1. Organic molecule
  • 2. Nucleic acid

3
B.Where is it located?
  • 1. Nucleus
  • 2. Chromosomes

X
DNA
4
Chromosomes in Nucleus
5
C. Structure of DNA
  • Nucleotides
  • a. Phosphoric Acid
  • b. Deoxyribose sugar
  • c. Nitrogenous bases
  • Adenine-Thymine
  • Guanine-Cytosine
  • 2. Ladder Shape
  • 3. Double strand, helix twist

6
Ladder Shape (Sides Rungs)
Sugar Acid Sugar Acid Sugar
  • Sides
  • Phosphoric Acid
  • Sugar
  • Phosphoric Acid
  • Rungs
  • A-T
  • T-A
  • G-C
  • C-G
  • T-A
  • G-C
  • C-G
  • A-T

7
Watson Cricks Double helix
8
D. What is DNAs Function?
  • Hereditary Instructions
  • Chemical code for every trait
  • Blueprint for making Proteins

9
Chromosome DNA Code
Hair Color
  • Genes
  • Segments of DNA
  • Code for a trait

X
Eye Color
10
DNA Chromosome Code
  • Triplets
  • Sets of 3 Nucleotides
  • Code for
  • Trait

Acid Acid Sugar-T-A-Sugar Acid
Acid Sugar-G-C-Sugar Acid
Acid Sugar-C-G-Sugar
X
11
DNA Chromosome Code
- -
Like Morse Code Hair
Or DNA A-T A-T G-C C-G T-A C-G
12
DNA Replication
  • Chromosomes double
  • Mitosis
  • Late Interphase
  • 2n to 4n

2N
2N
13
E. Steps for DNA Replication
  • DNA untwists
  • DNA unzips
  • Enzyme Helicase
  • Replication Fork
  • RNA Primer
  • Enzyme Primase
  • Corresponding base pairs
  • Line up
  • In sets of 3 nucleotides
  • Triplets or codons
  • DNA reforms
  • 2 strands twist into helix

Identical Strand
14
DNA Replication Cont
  • 4. base pairs / Complementary Strand
  • Line up
  • In sets of 3 nucleotides Triplets
  • Or codons
  • Enzyme DNA Polymerase III
  • Fragments Connect
  • Enzyme Ligase

15
DNA Replication Cont
  • RNA is replaces and proofread
  • Enzyme Polymerase I
  • 7. DNA reforms and twists to form double helix

16
RNA Ribonucleic AcidDNA messenger taxi
  • II. RNA Structure Function

17
A. What is RNA?
  • Organic Molecule
  • Nucleic Acid
  • mRNA
  • messenger
  • tRNA
  • transfer

Ribonucleic Acid
18
B. Where is RNA located?
  1. mRNA in nucleus cytoplasm
  2. tRNA only in cytoplasm

mRNA
mRNA
tRNA
19
B. What is RNAs structure?
  • Nucleotides
  • a. Phosphoric Acid
  • b. Ribose sugar
  • c. Nitrogenous
  • Bases
  • Adenine-Uracil
  • Guanine-Cytocine
  • 2. Single Strand
  • 3. No Twisted helix
  • Acid
  • Sugar-Base
  • Acid
  • Sugar-Base
  • Acid
  • Sugar-Base
  • Acid
  • Sugar-Base

20
Comparison of RNA DNA
  • Acid
  • Sugar-Base
  • Acid
  • Sugar-Base
  • Acid
  • Sugar-Base
  • Acid
  • Sugar-Base
  • Acid Acid
  • Sugar-Base-Sugar
  • Acid Acid
  • Sugar-Base-Sugar
  • Acid Acid
  • Sugar-Base-Sugar
  • Acid Acid

Uracil
Thymine
Deoxy-ribose
Ribose
RNA
DNA Ladder
21
D. What are RNAs functions
  • mRNA
  • Copies the DNA code
  • Deliveries message to Ribosome
  • Protein Factories

22
Why not send the original DNA code out?
Original DNA
  • DNA might be damaged!
  • mRNA components are reused
  • To copy more messages

mRNA copy
23
RNA function cont.
  • tRNA
  • in cytoplasm
  • Picks up an amino acid
  • Taxis the aa to the Ribosome protein factories

Amino acid
tRNA
24
III. Protein Synthesis
  • Assembling Proteins from the DNA Instructions

25
A. Transcription
  • mRNA is copied off of DNA
  • In nucleus
  • Steps
  • DNA untwists
  • DNA unzips
  • RNA codons line up

26
Transcription
  • mRNA has
  • Ribose sugar
  • Uracil instead of thymine bases
  • Nuclear membrane allows it to leave!

mRNA
A T C G
U A G C
I
I
I
DNA Code
27
Transcription in The nucleus
DNA
mRNA copy
28
B. Translation
  • Conversion of the message (mRNA Code)
  • Into a protein
  • By the ribosome factories

29
B.Translation
tRNA taxi
A
  1. mRNA arrives at the Ribosome
  2. tRNA picks up an amino acid
  3. tRNA delivers the aa to the ribosome
  4. aa are assembled into polypeptide proteins

U
C
G
U A G C
mRNA code
30
4. Polypeptide Chain of amino acids grows
2. Peptide bond forms 3. tRNA leaves ribosome
  • tRNA delivers
  • amino acid

31
Summary
  • Protein Synthesis
  • Transcrition
  • Make mRNA
  • From DNA
  • Translation
  • Make protein
  • Off mRNA code
  • Using amino acids
  • DNA Replication
  • Make duplicate DNA
  • In nucleus
  • Copy the chromosomes
  • For Mitosis
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