Title: DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
1DNA Deoxyribonucleic AcidThe Blueprint of Life
- I. DNA Structure Function
2A. What is DNA?
- 1. Organic molecule
- 2. Nucleic acid
-
3B.Where is it located?
- 1. Nucleus
- 2. Chromosomes
X
DNA
4Chromosomes in Nucleus
5C. Structure of DNA
- Nucleotides
- a. Phosphoric Acid
- b. Deoxyribose sugar
- c. Nitrogenous bases
- Adenine-Thymine
- Guanine-Cytosine
- 2. Ladder Shape
- 3. Double strand, helix twist
6Ladder Shape (Sides Rungs)
Sugar Acid Sugar Acid Sugar
- Sides
- Phosphoric Acid
- Sugar
- Phosphoric Acid
- Rungs
- A-T
- T-A
- G-C
- C-G
7Watson Cricks Double helix
8D. What is DNAs Function?
- Hereditary Instructions
- Chemical code for every trait
- Blueprint for making Proteins
9Chromosome DNA Code
Hair Color
- Genes
- Segments of DNA
- Code for a trait
X
Eye Color
10DNA Chromosome Code
- Triplets
- Sets of 3 Nucleotides
- Code for
- Trait
Acid Acid Sugar-T-A-Sugar Acid
Acid Sugar-G-C-Sugar Acid
Acid Sugar-C-G-Sugar
X
11DNA Chromosome Code
- -
Like Morse Code Hair
Or DNA A-T A-T G-C C-G T-A C-G
12DNA Replication
- Chromosomes double
- Mitosis
- Late Interphase
- 2n to 4n
2N
2N
13E. Steps for DNA Replication
- DNA untwists
- DNA unzips
- Enzyme Helicase
- Replication Fork
- RNA Primer
- Enzyme Primase
- Corresponding base pairs
- Line up
- In sets of 3 nucleotides
- Triplets or codons
- DNA reforms
- 2 strands twist into helix
Identical Strand
14DNA Replication Cont
- 4. base pairs / Complementary Strand
- Line up
- In sets of 3 nucleotides Triplets
- Or codons
- Enzyme DNA Polymerase III
- Fragments Connect
- Enzyme Ligase
15DNA Replication Cont
- RNA is replaces and proofread
- Enzyme Polymerase I
- 7. DNA reforms and twists to form double helix
16RNA Ribonucleic AcidDNA messenger taxi
- II. RNA Structure Function
17A. What is RNA?
- Organic Molecule
- Nucleic Acid
- mRNA
- messenger
- tRNA
- transfer
Ribonucleic Acid
18B. Where is RNA located?
- mRNA in nucleus cytoplasm
- tRNA only in cytoplasm
mRNA
mRNA
tRNA
19B. What is RNAs structure?
- Nucleotides
- a. Phosphoric Acid
- b. Ribose sugar
- c. Nitrogenous
- Bases
- Adenine-Uracil
- Guanine-Cytocine
- 2. Single Strand
- 3. No Twisted helix
- Acid
- Sugar-Base
- Acid
- Sugar-Base
- Acid
- Sugar-Base
- Acid
- Sugar-Base
20Comparison of RNA DNA
- Acid
- Sugar-Base
- Acid
- Sugar-Base
- Acid
- Sugar-Base
- Acid
- Sugar-Base
- Acid Acid
- Sugar-Base-Sugar
- Acid Acid
- Sugar-Base-Sugar
- Acid Acid
- Sugar-Base-Sugar
- Acid Acid
Uracil
Thymine
Deoxy-ribose
Ribose
RNA
DNA Ladder
21D. What are RNAs functions
- mRNA
- Copies the DNA code
- Deliveries message to Ribosome
- Protein Factories
-
22Why not send the original DNA code out?
Original DNA
- DNA might be damaged!
- mRNA components are reused
- To copy more messages
mRNA copy
23RNA function cont.
- tRNA
- in cytoplasm
- Picks up an amino acid
- Taxis the aa to the Ribosome protein factories
-
Amino acid
tRNA
24III. Protein Synthesis
- Assembling Proteins from the DNA Instructions
25A. Transcription
- mRNA is copied off of DNA
- In nucleus
- Steps
- DNA untwists
- DNA unzips
- RNA codons line up
26Transcription
- mRNA has
- Ribose sugar
- Uracil instead of thymine bases
- Nuclear membrane allows it to leave!
mRNA
A T C G
U A G C
I
I
I
DNA Code
27Transcription in The nucleus
DNA
mRNA copy
28B. Translation
- Conversion of the message (mRNA Code)
- Into a protein
- By the ribosome factories
29B.Translation
tRNA taxi
A
- mRNA arrives at the Ribosome
- tRNA picks up an amino acid
- tRNA delivers the aa to the ribosome
- aa are assembled into polypeptide proteins
U
C
G
U A G C
mRNA code
304. Polypeptide Chain of amino acids grows
2. Peptide bond forms 3. tRNA leaves ribosome
31Summary
- Protein Synthesis
- Transcrition
- Make mRNA
- From DNA
- Translation
- Make protein
- Off mRNA code
- Using amino acids
- DNA Replication
- Make duplicate DNA
- In nucleus
- Copy the chromosomes
- For Mitosis