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Louis Riel

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Riel and the North-West Rebelllion, ... and a failed bid to plead insane The of Louis Riel and his role in Canadian history continues: Hero or Traitor? Sane or Insane? – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Louis Riel


1
Louis Riel Rebellion in the North-West
  • SS 10
  • Chapter 4 5 Notes

2
Who was Louis Riel?
  • Famous Manitoban?
  • Father of the Metis Nation?
  • Saint?
  • Traitor?
  • Power-hungry prophet?
  • Madman?
  • Sinner?

3
HIS CHILDHOOD
  • Born 1844, in St. Boniface, the Red River colony,
    under HBC rule.
  • ParentsLouis Riel and Julie Lagimodiere, strong
    Catholic family
  • Proud to be Metisancestors were French, English,
    Scottish fathers and First Nations mothers
  • Heritage of buffalo hunting and trading

4
LOUIS RIEL DAY, FEBRUARY 2008
5
LOUIS RIEL DAY, FEBRUARY 2008
6
I. Background to Rebellion
  • 1868 Canadian government paid Hudson Bay Company
    1,500,000 to buy Ruperts Land
  • Land was renamed- North-West Territories or NWT-
    transferred to Canada in 1869
  • Government surveys the land for townships for new
    European immigrants
  • Metis live at Red River Settlement and maintain
    own way of life
  • Metis were angered at arrival of surveyors and
    attempted to stop from happening
  • William McDougall is appointed Lieutenant-Governor
    of NWT without local approval

7
Ruperts Land
8
II. Red River Rebellion-Resistance, 1869-70-
Background
  • An educated Louis Riel emerged as a leader of the
    Metis
  • Riel set up Le Comite National de Metis (NCM)as a
    temporary government at Red River
  • Purpose is to bargain with Canadian government
    for the land, language, and religious rights of
    the Metis
  • NCM 1. Stops McDougall from entering Red River
  • 2. Seizes HBC post at Fort Garry
  • 3. Create a List of Rights- conditions by
    which the Metis will join Canada
  • Prime Minister John A. Macdonald did not want the
    settlement to become part of Canada until the
    claim was resolved
  • 1869, Riel set up a provisional government which
    he headed

9
Metis Way of Life
10
II. Red River Rebellion-Resistance, 1869-70-
Metis List of Rights
  • List of rights include
  • Right to approve or reject Federal laws affecting
    Red River
  • Right to have land set aside for schools, roads,
    and public buildings
  • Every male householder over 21 could vote
  • Riel and the Metis took their List of Rights to
    Ottawa to be accepted by the Federal Government

11
Metis Symbol
12
II. Red River Rebellion-Resistance, 1869-70-
Thomas Scott
  • Thomas Scott was a surveyor, member of the Canada
    Party, and a Protestant member of the Orange
    Order (anti-Catholic group)
  • Scott was given permission to drive Metis out of
    Red River and actively protested against the
    Metis government, uttering threats against Riel
  • Scott was jailed by the Metis for his actions
  • Metis council found Scott guilty of
    insubordination and disobedience and sentenced to
    death- Scott was executed in 1870

13
Thomas Scott
14
II. Red River Rebellion-Resistance, 1869-70-
Government Responds
  • Ontario Protestants called Riel and the Metis
    murderers and demanded that the Federal
    Government send out an army to end the uprising
    at Red River
  • While Quebec Catholics protested any
    interference, the Federal Conservatives
    cautiously attempted to resolve the situation
  • The government decided that the Metis settlement
    at Red River should join Confederation
  • July, 1870, the Manitoba Act was passed creating
    the Postage Stamp province of Manitoba-
    Canadas 5th province
  • Many of the Metis Rights were included in the
    Manitoba Act and the creation of the province
    allowed for greater Metis control over matters

15
Assignment
  • Complete Review Master R-10 Chapter 4 The
    Northwest to 1070
  • I. Important People, Groups, Events
    1-4810-1214-16
  • II. Main Ideas Concepts 1-5
  • III. Comprehension 3-6 8-10
  • IV. Crossword
  • Due next week!

16
Manitoba- Canadas 5th Province- Postage Stamp
17
Louis Riel Provisional Government
18
II. Red River Rebellion-Resistance, 1869-70-
Dealing with Riel
  • 1870, Macdonald ordered a military expedition
    under Colonel Wolseley to deal with Riel and his
    actions
  • Fearing death for the murder of Thomas Scott,
    Riel fled to the US where he remained until 1884
  • Riel was elected as a Member of Parliament for
    Manitoba and was pardoned for the killing of
    Scott in 1875 by Macdonald

19
III. Riel and the North-West Rebelllion, 1885-
Background
  • 1870s Metis were pushed further and further into
    the North-West Territories
  • Living conditions of the Metis were poor- their
    lots were bought and re-surveyed by Ottawa land
    speculators and new immigrants were buying up
    land- thus disrupting traditional hunting and
    farming practices of the Metis
  • Metis petitioned Ottawa for changes
  • Macdonald repsonded with promise and scrip or
    promisary certificates fpr land and cash
  • Metis once again set up a Provisional Government

20
Metis Migration
21
Riel and the North-West Rebelllion, 1885- Return
of Riel
  • Metis needed proper leadership- Metis leader
    Gabriel Dumont traveled to Montana to convince a
    retired, very religious, teacher Louis Riel to
    return and lead new Metis negotiations with
    Ottawa
  • Reluctantly, Riel agreed to return and lead the
    Provisional Government of the North-West
    Territory in negotiating Metis rights with Ottwa
  • First Nations bands led by Poundmaker and Big
    Bear also supported the Metis

22
Metis Native Leaders in the North-West
Territories
23
Riel and the North-West Rebelllion, 1885
  • 1885, Federal Government, not wanting to
    negotiate with the Metis, sent out the military
    to silence Riel and the Metis
  • Under the leadership of General Middleton, 8,000
    soldiers were sent out on the newly created
    Canadian Pacific Railway to deal with the Metis
  • So began the rebellion with battles at
  • Duck Lake- Metis vs. General Crozier and the
    NWMP 12 NWMP dead/5 Metis dead
  • Frog Lake- 9 total dead
  • Fish Creek- Dumont vs. Middleton
  • Batoche- Riel, Dumont, Metis vs. Middleton
    NWMP 4 day fight Riel defeated

24
Battle in the North-West
25
Riel and the North-West Rebelllion, 1885- Riels
Defeat Trial
  • After Batoche, Riel and Dumont escape, but Riel
    turns himself in
  • Riel is arrested and tried for treason- taking up
    arms against the government
  • 1885, Regina, Riel is found guilty by a jury of 5
    English-speaking Protestant jurors and is
    sentenced to hang
  • November 16th, 1885, Louis Riel is hanged despite
    protests from French Catholic Canadiens, pleas
    for a pardon, and a failed bid to plead insane
  • The of Louis Riel and his role in Canadian
    history continues Hero or Traitor? Sane or
    Insane? Selfless or Selfish?

26
Louis Riel- Hero or Traitor?
27
Louis Riel Day
28
Louis Riels Grave
29
The End!
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