USI.4 EXPLORATION SOLs

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USI.4 EXPLORATION SOLs
USI.4A Describe the motivations, obstacles, and
accomplishments of the Spanish, French,
Portuguese, and English explorers.
USI.4B Describe the cultural interactions of
Indians and Europeans that led to cooperation and
conflict.
USI.4C Identify the location and describe the
characteristics of West African societies (Ghana,
Mali, and Songhai) and their interactions with
traders.
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EXPLORATIONOF THENEW WORLD
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MOTIVATING FORCES FOR EXPLORATION

• Economic
• Gold
• Natural resources
• Trade
• Religious
• Spread Christianity
• Empire Building
• Competition for empire and
• belief in superiority of own culture
• (Glory)

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Original route of Trade with the East Indies

• Long ( took a year)
• b. Dangerous (robbers)
• c. Spices needed

Marco Polos route
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OBSTACLES TO EXPLORATION

1. Poor maps and navigational tools
2. Disease / starvation
3. Fear of unknown ?
4. Lack of adequate supplies

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ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF EXPLORATION1. Exchanged
goods and ideas2. Improved navigational tools
and ships 3. Claimed territories (Map)
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Prince Henry the Navigator
Regions Explored by Portugal
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Beyond Darkest Africa
The Portuguese yearned to find a sea route to
India to thwart Arab middlemen who controlled
overland routes, keeping prices of pepper and
other spices high by keeping supplies low.
Glory, God or Gold?
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Regions explored by Spain
Francisco Coronado
Claimed the Southwestern United States for Spain
Which river was explored by the Spanish?
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Coronado

• Looking for fabled seven cities of gold
• Explored present-day Arizona and New Mexico

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• CULTURAL INTERACTION
• SPAIN
• Conquered and enslaved Indians
• Brought Christianity to New World
• Brought European Diseases to Indians

Little cooperation, and a lot of conflict
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Regions Explored by France
Quebec, Canada
Mississippi River Valley
Robert La Salle
Samuel de Champlain
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• CULTURAL INTERACTION
• FRANCE
• Established trading posts
• Spread Christianity

Good cooperation and less conflict
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John Cabot
Cabot Map Eastern Canada
Regions Explored by England
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Cabot

• Sailed for England
• Landed on coast of New-Foundland
• Gave England claim to North America

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• CULTURAL INTERACTION ENGLAND
• Claimed ownership of land settlements
• Learned farming techniques
• Traded

Some cooperation, and some conflict
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• AREAS OF COOPERATION
• Technologies (transportation of weapons and
  farm tools
• Trade
• Crops

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• AREAS OF CONFLICT
• Land
• Competition for Trade
• Differences in cultures
• Disease
• Language Difference

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Columbian Exchange

• From America
• Corn
• Potatoes
• Beans
• Chocolate
• Buffalo
• Beaver
• Parrots

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From Europe -

• Oranges
• Onions
• Sheep
• Horses
• Cattle
• Honeybees
• Pigs
• Chickens
• Diseases

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WEST AFRICAN EMPIRES
GHANA Major gold deposits Desert climate Lay on
trade routes MALI Controlled gold salt
trade Mansa Musa great king Also controlled
caravan routes Timbuktu great city of learning
trade SONGHAI Muslim faith was brought to
Central Africa 3rd Great Kingdom
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EXPLORATION SOL QUESTIONS

1. What were 3 motivating forces for exploration?
2. What were 4 obstacles to exploration?
3. What were 3 accomplishments of exploration?
4. What regions of North America were explored by
   Spain, France, England?
5. Where did the Portuguese explore?
6. Explain cultural interactions of each nation with
   the Indians.
7. What were 3 areas of cooperation?
8. What were 5 areas of conflict?
9. Identify the location and describe the
   characteristics of West African societies (Ghana,
   Mali, and Songhai) and their interactions with
   traders.