Spread of Islam

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Spread of Islam
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Muhammads Farwell Address at the Mount of Mercy
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Following Muhammad

• Islamic leadership needs
• Abu Bakr (father-in-law)
• Establishment of Caliphs
• 2nd Caliph Umar
• 3rd Caliph Uthman

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Shiites versus Sunnis

• Ali (son-in-law)
• Muawiya (nephew to Uthman)
• Division between followers
• Shiite and Sunni Muslims

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The Umayyads

• Success of hereditary caliph
• Capital in Damascus
• Abd al-Malik (685-705 CE)

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Great Mosque of Damascus
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Great Mosque of Damascus
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Expansion of Islam and Jihad

• Conquered territory
• Middle Eastern / North African conquest
• European conquest
• Spain in 711 CE
• Battle of Tours in 732 CE
• Asian conquest
• Battle of Talas in 751 CE and into Indonesia

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Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain
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Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain
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Fall and Rise

• Umayyad Fall
• Internal issues over Arab favoritism
• Military defeats
• Split in Islam
• Corruption

• Abbasid Rise
• Uprising of non-Arab Muslims
• Creation of new capital
• Increased trade
• New cultural outlook

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The Abbasids (750 to 1258)

• New line of Caliphs
• Capital in Baghdad
• Social and Political Change
• Centralized Islamic rule in the Middle East

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Capital in Baghdad
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Fall of Caliphs

• 900-1400 CE rule shattered
• Seljuk Turks
• Christian Crusaders
• Mongol Invasions
• Today Over 1 Billion Muslims

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