The Spread of Islam

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The Spread of Islam
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Rightly Guided

• The first four successors of Muhammad were called
  the Rightly Guided CaliphsCaliph Successor
• All related to Muhammad
• All elected by men
• Expanded Islam through Arabian Peninsula, into
  the Byzantine Empire and Persian Empire

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Religious Issues

• Koran or Quran Holy Book of Muhammads
  teachings
• Jihad holy struggle
• Some interpret this as individual struggle to do
  good.
• Some saw this as the struggle to spread Islam (?
  holy war)
• Jews and Christians allowed to practice their
  religions People of the Book
• Polytheists must convert, leave or will be killed.

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Civil War

• 656 Caliph Uthman murdered
• Umayyad family gains Caliphate
• No relation to Muhammad
• Moves capital of Government to Damascus

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Split within Islam

• Shiia Muslims who believed the Caliph should
  always be a relative of Muhammad
• Supported theocracy (laws of the land should be
  Islamic law)
• Opposed the Umayyads
• Supported the Abbasid Dynasty
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Sunni Supported Umayyads

• Believed any good Muslim Man is eligible to be
  Caliph no relation to Muhammad necessary
• Tend to support separation of Church and state

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Sufi Muslims

• Believed people should give up their
  materialistic lifestyles and devote themselves to
  poverty and spiritual study

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Expansion

• Abbasid Family takes control of Caliphate in
  750AD moves capital to Baghdad
• Golden Age
• Diplomats to set up trade networks to the East
  and North
• Umayyads flee to Spain
• Berbers (N. African Muslims) invade Europe to the
  borders of France
• Settle in Spain

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Watch the Spread of Islam
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Abbasid Palace
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Islamic Emnpires
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India Mughal Dynasty
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Ottoman Empire
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West Africa
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Maps of Empire

• www.mapsofwar.com