Absolute Monarchs in Europe

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Absolute Monarchs in Europe

• Chapter 21 Section 4 and 5

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Section 4-Absolute Rulers of Russia
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The First Czar

• Boyars-Russias land owning nobles
• Czar-Russian term for Caesar
• Ivan The Terrible-
• The years 1547 to 1560 are referred to as his
  Good Period
• He won great victories
• Added new land to Russia
• Created a code of law
• Ruled Justly

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The First Czar

• Ivans Bad Period
• He blamed the boyars of poisoning his wife
  Anastasia
• Created a police force to hunt down and kill
  those he considered traitors
• He gave the boyars estates to nobles he
  considered loyal to him
• In 1581 Ivan killed his oldest son during a
  violent fight

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Peter the Great Comes to Power

• Peter The Great-
• One of Russias greatest reformers
• Ruled from 1696 to 1725
• Great Embassy-Peters long visit to Western
  Europe
• Peters goals were to learn about European
  customs and manufacturing techniques

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Peter Rules Absolutely

• Religious differences widened the gap between
  Europe and Russia
• Russians practiced Eastern Orthodox Christianity
• Western Europeans were either Catholic or
  Protestant
• Westernization- Peters goal of using western
  Europe as a model for change in Russia
• This included a 200,000 man army paid for by
  heavy taxes

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Peter Rules Absolutely

• Peters plan for Westernizing Russia-
• Introduced potatoes
• Started Russias first news paper
• Raised the social status of women by inviting
  them to social gatherings
• Ordered nobles to wear western fashion
• Introduced schools that taught the arts, science
  and navigation
• St. Petersburg was built as Russias new capital
  city

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Section 5-Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
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Monarchs Defy Parliament

• Charles I-
• Took the throne in 1625
• Always seemed to need money b/c he was at war
  with Spain and France
• Signed the Petition of Right but ignored it

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Monarchs Defy Parliament

• Petition of Right-
• The king would not imprison subjects w/out due
  cause
• No taxes w/out Parliaments consent
• Soldiers would not be housed in private homes
• Martial law would not be imposed during peace
  time

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English Civil War

• English Civil War-1642 to1649
• Parliament had passes laws to limit royal power
  and Charles I tried to have Parliamentary leaders
  arrested
• Cavaliers or Royalists Those loyal to King
  Charles
• Puritans Supporters of Parliament
• Ended with the beheading of Charles I
• First time a reigning monarch had faced a public
  trial and execution

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English Civil War

• Oliver Cromwell-
• By 1645 Cromwells New Model Army had began
  defeating the Cavaliers
• In 1647 they captured King Charles and took him
  prisoner
• Charles's was found guilty of treason and
  beheaded
• 1649 Cromwell abolished the monarchy and
  established a commonwealth
• Laws that supported puritan morality abolished
  sinful activities such as theatre, sporting
  events, and dancing

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Restoration and Revolution

• Restoration-
• Period of time in which the monarchy was restored
  under Charles II
• Habeas Corpus-
• Passed in 1679 this law gave prisoners' a written
  guarantee that they would be brought before the
  judge to specify their charges

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Restoration and Revolution

• Glorious Revolution-
• The bloodless overthrow of King James II in 1688
• Seven members of Parliament invited William and
  Mary to overthrow James
• The goal was to overthrow him for the sake of
  Protestantism
• James fled to France when William invaded

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Limits on Monarchs Power

• Constitutional Monarchy-
• Laws limited the power of rulers
• Parliament became William and Marys partner in
  governing
• Cabinet-
• Ministers/officials acting in the rulers name but
  truly represented the major party in Parliament
• This was the link between the monarch and the
  major Parliamentary party

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Limits on Monarchs Power

• Bill of Rights-
• Drafted in 1689 it was designed to clarify the
  limits of royal power
• Listed what the ruler could not do
• No suspending parliaments laws
• No levying taxes without a grant from parliament
• No interference with Parliaments freedom of
  speech
• No penalty for citizens who used petition to
  bring their grievances to the king