Settlement Patterns

1
Settlement Patterns

• Chapter 16

2
Introduction

• Canadas population is not distributed evenly
  across Canada.
• Settlement patterns in Canada vary enormously
  form large cities to rural areas.

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Population Distribution

• Pop. Distribution the pattern of where people
  live in a region or country.
• Two types
• Dispersed people are spread out, example in an
  agricultural area
• Concentrated people are close together,
  example in a city
• Linear concentrated patterns exist when
  populations are concentrated in a line, example
  along a major highway.

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Population Density vs. Distribution

• Pop. Density measures how many people per square
  kilometer of land.
• Pop. Distribution looks at the patterns.

Same population density but different
distributions
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Population Density of Canada
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Population Distribution of Canada
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Types of Settlement Patterns

• Rural settlement outside of cities and towns,
  low pop. density and dispersed distribution
• Urban settlement in cities and towns, high pop.
  density and concentrated distribution

8
Rural Settlement

• Three rural settlement patterns
• Long lots of Southern Quebec
• Concession in Southern Ontario
• Section system on the Prairies
• The patterns are effected by three factors
• The resources found in the area
• The transportation methods that were available at
  the time of original settlement
• The role that the government played

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Long Lots of Southern Quebec

• Area was settled before the development of the
  railway
• Transport was by mainly water
• Major agricultural resources
• Long thin strips of land (long lots) were built
  along the St. Lawrence River since
  they needed access to the river for
  transport.

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Concession System of Southern Ontario

• Major agricultural resources
• Roads and later railway transportation was
  available
• Roads were built
  on a grid system

11
Section System of the Southern Prairies

• This area was surveyed, using the section system,
  before any settlement took place
• Section system
• Land was divided into blocks that were 9.6 km by
  9.6 km (92 square kilometers in area)
• Each block of land was divided in to 36 sections
• Each section was then divided into 4 lots called
  quarter sections
• Originally each land owner had one quarter
  section, however in order to be successful they
  soon realized that they would need to acquire
  more land

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Urban Settlement Patterns

• After the Agricultural Revolution there was a
  surplus of food therefore not everyone needed to
  farm
• Instead specialized jobs became more prevalent,
  example milling grain
• It made sense for job specialist to live in one
  area, hence a city formed
• Goods and services in the cities are traded for
  agricultural products from the surrounding areas
• The area that a city trades with is called its
  hinterland

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Distance Between Cities

• Determined by two factors
• Population density low density towns that are
  far apart
• Transportation if main mode of transport was
  walking then towns would need to be closer
  together.

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Services in Urban Areas

• Services market paces, government, churches,
  etc.
• The minimum number of people to support an urban
  service is called the threshold population
• Low order good or service small threshold pop.
  Example post office
• High order good or service large threshold pop.
  Example university

15
Urban Places

• While the original reason for a city was the
  provision of goods and services there are other
  reasons for cities today
• In order to have a city there needs to be an
  economic base (enough )
• Different cities have different ways to make the
  money needed to support their pop.
• The industries that bring into the city are
  called basic industries
• The industries that do not bring in the cities
  are called non-basic industries

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Multiplier Effect

• The Multiplier effect states that for every
  employee of a basic industry three jobs in other
  industries are created to support that one
  person.
• When you have a basic industry in a town that has
  100 employees there is an actual creation of 400
  jobs.
• For example the employee in the basic industry
  would need to buy his groceries some where, he
  may want to join a gym, she may want to get her
  hair cut, etc.

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Types of Cities

• Industrial Cities - Sarnia
• Transportation Hubs Thunder Bay
• Tourist Cities - Banff
• Service Centers - Fredericton
• Resource-based Communities Flin Flon
• Diversified Cities - Winnipeg

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Global Patterns of Urbanization

• 200 years ago only 5 of the worlds population
  lived in Cities
• By 1900 almost 14 lived in cities
• The movement of people into urban cities is
  called urbanization

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Urban Growth vs. Urbanization

• Urban growth measures the actual number of people
  living in a city as compared to the number of
  people that lived there before.
• Winnipegs urban growth between 1991 and 2001 was
  56,059 people
• Urbanization refers to the of a countries
  population that lives in Urban areas
• In 2001, 78.9 of Canadas pop lived in Urban
  areas

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World Cities
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Problem Defining Urban between Different
Countries

• Different countries use different numbers to
  describe their urban areas
• Canada more than 1,000 people
• Italy more than 10,000 people
• Japan more than 50,000 people

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Urbanization in Canada

• In 1867 82 of Canadians lived in rural areas
• Today almost 80 of Canadian live in Urban area
• This increase is due to many factors
• New farming technology less people required
• More jobs available in the manufacturing and
  service industries

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Mega City

• Over 10 million inhabitants
• There 19 mega cities in the world today

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Land Use Patterns

• Almost 80 of Canadians live, work, travel, shop,
  and spend leisure time in cities.
• Therefore cities must have the facilities to meet
  these needs.
• All of the facilities fall into six categories
• Residential
• Transportation
• Institutional and Public Buildings
• Open Space and Recreational land
• Industrial
• Commercial

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Residential Land Use

• All the places where people live
• Takes up 40 of developed land
• Residential Density affected by two factors
• The value of the land
• Age of the development

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Transportation Land Use

• About 1/3 of the land use in most cities is taken
  up by roads and highways

Commercial Land Use

• About 5 of a cities land is used for commercial
  activities
• These activities include the buying and selling
  of goods and services

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Commercial Land Use

• There are five main types of commercial uses
• Local Service Centers Convenience Stores
• Neighborhood Plazas and Ribbons Strip malls
• Community Shopping Centers Malls like ours
• Regional Shopping Centers West Edmonton Mall
• Central Business District
  Downtown

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Industrial Land Use

• Most important feature
• About 6 of land use in most cities
• Four types of industrial land use types
• Suburban Business Parks
• Suburban industrial Parks
• Central Business Districts
• Ribbon Industries
• (see fig. 17-10 p.229)

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Other Land Uses

• Institutional and Public Buildings 10 Of Land
  is used for schools, hospitals, government
  buildings and churches
• Open Space and Recreational Land 7 of land
  inside cities is used for this

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Factors Affecting Land Use

• Land Value
• Zoning laws that control what kind of
  development can happen and where it can happen
• Technology
• Climate