European Settlement

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European Settlement Native American Resistance

• Chapter 2
• 1519-1689

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Spanish and Native American Interaction

• Section 1

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The Spanish Pattern of Conquest

• For several hundreds of years the Spanish fought
  against the Muslims in a holy war known as the
  Reconquista.
• This was done to expel Muslim invaders from
  Spain.
• This experience shaped how Spaniards would treat
  conquered people.

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How the Pattern was Established

• Utilizing the same desire which drove them during
  the Reconquista, young hidalgos, Spanish
  gentlemen, set sail to the new world in search of
  glory and gold.
• The Spanish were also interested in spreading the
  Catholic religion.
• Eventually, by the early 1500s these Spanish
  conquistadors, conquerors, had landed in the
  Americas and were exploring or invading Native
  lands.

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How the pattern was Applied

• Conquerors like Hernan Cortes and Francisco
  Pizarro conquered native groups like the Aztecs
  of Mexico and the Incas of Peru in order to take
  their gold and silver and rule over their lands.
• Eventually the Spanish would develop several
  colonies in the Americas from the Caribbean to
  North America.

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Pizarro
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Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

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Encomienda System

• Native Americans were required to farm, ranch, or
  mine for the profit of the Spanish.
• In return, the Spanish were to care for their
  well-being.
• Many Natives lived on missions which included a
  church, farm, and living quarters, where they
  were converted into Catholics.

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Spanish Settlements

• Most of the settlers inhabited land south of what
  is today the U.S.
• In 1565, Pedro Menedez de Aviles established on
  of the first presidios, forts, in St. Augustine,
  Florida.
• Eventually more presidios would be built to
  protect Spanish territories from competition with
  other Europeans.
• The success of this presidio system was in part
  due to work of many Franciscan Monks who
  converted Natives to Christianity and forced them
  to live in small villages or congregacions.

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Native American Resistance

• Pueblo revolt of 1680 was one of the most
  successful acts of rebellion by Native Americans
  in the history of N. America.
• Led by medicine man Pope, the Pueblo drove the
  Spanish out of Santa Fe and discouraged further
  Spanish colonization of the South.
• In Florida the Spanish had similar difficulties
  in settling the land due to hostile Natives.

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Pueblo Revolt of 1680
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Taos Pueblo
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