Revolution and Change in England

1
Revolution and Change in England

• Chapter 16

2
Tudors and Stuarts

• Absolute Monarchy---common in European Countries.
• Most severe revolt took place in England.
• Revolutionradical attempt to change he very
  structure of a countrys government.

3
Reign of Mary Tudor

• 1400s royal family Tudors become Englands
  rulers.
• Strengthen their powers as rulers in a way
  similar to those made by rulers of Spain and
  France.
• 1st Tudor King Henry VIIstability and prosperity
  to England.
• Henry VIII established new official English
  church, Anglican Church.

4
Mary I

• Henry VIIIs oldest daughter
• Received the throne in 1553
• 1st reigning Queen of England.
• Mary I personal unhappiness and devoted to
  Catholicism.
• Courage and kindness
• England to a Catholic nation
• Married Phillip II of Spain ?
• Determined to rid England of Clergy
• 300 people burned at the stake Bloody Mary

5
Reign of Elizabeth I

• Mary died in 1558
• Protestant half sister/becomes Queen
• Used Parliamentary acts to prevent conflict and
  strengthen Protestantism
• People who did not attend the Anglican Church had
  to pay fines.
• Elizabeth NEVER married/ NO KIDS

6
Elizabeth I

• Oldest relative and heir to the throne was Mary
  Stuart Queen of Scotland. Mary Queen of Scots
  was CatholicHorrified the English Protestants.
• 1568 Mary wanted to escape problems in Scotland
  so she fled to England where Elizabeth imprisoned
  her.
• Mary plots with Phillip II to kill Elizabeth and
  seize her throne.
• Elizabeth signs Marys death warrant and in 1587
  Mary was beheaded.
• Phillip II plans an invasion on England.

7
Spanish Armada

• 1588 Phillip sends a fleet of 130 ships called
  Invincible Armada to the English Channel.
• English ships were smaller and could move more
  swiftly and was easier to maneuver. Guns fired
  faster and from a longer distance.
• English broke the Spanish formation, damaged and
  sank some of the lumbering vessels.
• Deadly attempts.
• Elizabeths government still faced two major
  problems at home.

8
Religious Problems

• Henry VIII broken with the Pope and established
  Anglicanism as Englands religion.
• Purify the English ChurchPuritans.
• No mass, still bishops
• Priest dressed in elaborate dress for religious
  services, congregation still knelt during
  services.
• Puritans thought customs were too Catholic and
  wanted to abolish them.
• Protestant Tudors thought religious disunity
  threatened stability. Unite to Anglican Faith.
• Persecuted remaining Catholics and non-Anglican
  Protestants such as Puritans.

9
Elizabeth I and Parliament

• Parliament, body of representatives from the
  whole country. Right to approve all taxes and
  pass laws.
• People looked to Parliament as a restraint on the
  monarchyrepresented wishes of people outside
  central government.
• 2 Houses
• Lordsconsisted of nobles and higher clergy.
• Commonsrepresented two classes the gentry and
  the burgesses.

10
Elizabeth and Parliament

• Class linescrossed for economic reasons
• Had power
• Elizabeth I summoned Parliament often during her
  reign and gave the appearance of heading them.
• Couldnt find a way to keep them from questioning
  government policies.

11
James I

• English Throne
• 39 years of age
• Rough manners
• Taste for learning/intelligent
• Lacked common sense in financial manners and
  diplomacy.
• Believed in Divine Right of Kings
• Finance and Foreign Policy
• Supporter of Anglican Church had little tolerance
  for the Puritans.
• Bible to EnglishKing James Version of the Bible.
• Puritans leave England
• Rising inflation and growing government activity
• Couldnt collect enough money in taxes
• Sell titles to nobles, monopoly rights to private
  companies
• Create alliance with Spainwent to war.

12
Charles I

• James I Son
• Shy but Brave
• Divine Right of Kings
• Henrietta Maria a French princess
• Couldnt get funds from Parliamenttried to force
  people to lend him money and imprisoned some who
  refused.
• Petition of Rightwhich reasserted four ancient
  liberties, Charles signed in hopes Parliament
  would give him funds.

13
Charles I

• Petition to Right
• Not to levy taxes
• Not to declare martial law
• Not to quarter soldiers in private homes in
  peacetime
• Not to imprison people without specific charge

14
Charles I

• Continued to levy taxes
• Disowned Parliament
• Refused to call upon Parliament for 11 years
• Used drastic means to collect money
• Favored formal and ceremonial faith
• What problems do you see this leading to?