English Constitutional Monarchy

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EnglishConstitutionalMonarchy
By Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S.
Chappaqua, NY Adapted by Mr. Reiner Kolodinski
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The Stuart Monarchy
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James I r. 1603-1625 House of Stuart
Mary, Q of Scots son James Is speech to the
House of Commons I am surprised that my
ancestors should ever be permitted such an
institution to come into existence. I am a
stranger, and found it here when I arrived, so
that I am obliged to put up with what I cannot
get rid of! Attitude Divine Right!! Star
Chamber courts used no Parliamentary courts
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James I r. 1603-1625

• Strong Anglican
• Anti-Puritan
• Separatists leave EnglandPlymouth Pilgrims
• Anti-Parliament
• Customs Duties imposed () to avoid Parliament
• Catholic alliances
• Jamestown, VA
• Anti-tobacco

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Ship Money Assessments, 1636per square mile

• What could account for the differences in
  assessments (duties / taxes) for the different
  regions of the country?

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King James Bible, 1611 Sponsored the publication
of this English version of the Bible Royal
Influences
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Charles I r. 1625-1649

• Anti-Parliament
• Tariffs, duties, taxes and quartering troops
• Petition of Right
• Parliament must approve taxes
• No quartering troops
• No imprisonment without just cause

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The Petition of Rights, 1628 Nicknamed The
Stuart Magna Carta
Original Magna Carta issued 1215 Against royal
abuse of power Contract between King
Nobles Limited the power of the King Guaranteed
Rights Jury, Due Process Required Parliaments
consent on taxes
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Charles I by Van Dyck (1633)
The Many Faces of Charles I
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Thomas WentworthEarl of Stafford

• Hired by Charles I to raise money for the crown
• Centralized government
• Sought new revenue sources
• Enforced and extended laws
• Angered Parliament and the people

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• Forced religious conformity in Britain
• Book of Common Prayer
• Puritans Presbyterians protested
• Scots rebelled reqd
• Short Parliament
• Power of the Purse
• Parliament seeks cooperation
• Charles dissolves Parliament

Archbishop William Laud
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The Long Parliament 1640-1660

• Charles I called on Parliament for military
  operation funding vs. Scots in rebellion
• Parliament religiously politically divided
• Parliament suspended royal decrees
• Laud Wentworth impeached AND executed by
  Parliament
• Parliament invaded by Charles I then passes
  Military Ordinance gtgt civil war!

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Allegiance of Members of the Long
Parliament (1640-1660)
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Civil War (1621-1649)
Royalists(Cavaliers)
Parliamentarians(Roundheads)

• House of Lords
• N W England
• Aristocracy
• Large landowners
• Church officials
• More rural, less prosperous

• House of Commons
• S E England
• Puritans
• Merchants
• Townspeople
• More urban , more prosperous

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Oliver Cromwell 1599-1658The Interregnum
Period 1649-1660

• Roundheads prevail in Civil War
• Thomas Hobbes Leviathan
• Oliver Cromwell establishes a Puritan Republic
  aka Commonwealth (1649-1653)
• Abolished House of Lords, monarchy official
  church
• Executed Charles I publicly
• Conquered Scotland Ireland BRUTAL TACTICS
  used
• Disbanded Parliament 1653

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Oliver Cromwell 1599-1658The Interregnum
Period 1649-1660

• The Protectorate (1654-60) dictatorship
• Cromwell is Lord Protector
• Strict Puritan rule
• Prohibited theatre, dance, alcohol, etc.
• Limited rights
• Religious conformity
• Ended 1658 _at_ Cromwells death

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New Model Army Soldiers Catechism

• Puritan Rule or else
• Atrocities vs. Irish Catholics
• Military rule martial law
• Limited Freedoms

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The Public Beheading of Charles I

• Why is this execution so significant?

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King Charles II r. 1660-1685 The Restoration
Period

• Had charm, poise, political skills.
• Restored the theaters, reopened the pubs and
  brothels closed during the Cromwells
  Protectorate Era
• Favored religious toleration.
• Secret Catholic sympathies.
• Avoided fathers mistakes

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King Charles II r. 1660-1685

• 1661 ? Cavalier Parliament Royalists
• Disbanded the Puritan army.
• Pardoned most Puritan rebels.
• Restored the authority of the Church of England.
• 1662 ? Clarendon Code Act of Uniformity
• Anglican religious conformity All had to use
  the Anglican Book of Common Prayer.
• Forbade non-conformists to worship publicly,
  teach their faith, or attend English
  universities Catholics, Presbyterians, Jews

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King Charles II r. 1660-1685

• American Restoration Colonies Carolinas
• 1673 Test Act
• Parliament excluded all but Anglicans from
  civilian and military positionsPuritan
  Radicals / Catholic Traitors
• 1679 Habeas Corpus Act
• Any unjustly imprisoned persons could obtain a
  writ of habeas corpus govt. must explain why
  imprisoned.

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Charles IIs Foreign Policy
1665 1667 Second Anglo-Dutch War

• Uses Louis XIV as ideal ally against the Dutch
  Catholic sympathies, to be made!
• 1670 ? Treaty of Dover E F vs. Dutch
• Declaration of Indulgence rescinds Clarendon Code

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The Popish Plot 1678

• Titus Oates swore Catholics were plotting to
  assassinate King Charles II
• Parliament believedHysteria innocent RCs died
  plot proved to be a lie
• Oates condemned humiliated

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King James II r. 1685-1688

• Bigoted convert to Catholicism
• Lacked shrewdness or ability to compromise
• Alienated even the Tories.
• Provoked revolution by his attitude

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King James II r. 1685-1688

• Put Catholics into theHigh Command of both
  thearmy and navy.
• Stationed standing army outside of London.
• Surrounded himself with Catholic advisors
  attackedAnglican control of theuniversities.
• Claimed the power to suspend or dispense with
  Acts of Parliament.
• 1687 ? Declaration of Liberty of Conscience
• He extended religious toleration to RCs without
  Parliaments approval or support.

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The Glorious Revolution 1688

• Whig Tory leaders offer the throne jointly to
  James IIs daughter Mary raised a Protestant
  her husband, William of Orange.
• He was a vigorous enemy of Louis XIV.
• He was seen as a champion of the Protestant cause.

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English Bill of Rights 1689

• Constitutional Monarchy
• Settled all major issues between King
  Parliament.
• Served as a model for the U.S. Bill of Rights.
• Basis for the steady expansion of civil liberties
  of 18c and early 19c England.

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English Bill of Rights 1689

• Main provisions
• The King could not suspend laws.
• The King could not interfere with course of
  justice.
• No taxes levied or standard army maintained in
  peacetime without Parliaments consent.
• Freedom of speech in Parliament.
• Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.
• Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and
  freedom from excessive fines and cruel and
  unusual punishment.
• The monarch must be a Protestant.
• Freedom from arbitrary arrest.
• Censorship of the press was dropped.
• Religious toleration.

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Age of Walpole

• House of Hanover (German) begins to rule
  England
• Act of Settlement 1701 orderly shift in power if
  K/Q are childless
• King George I becomes king 1714
• Robert Walpole becomes PM
• England flourished under his leadership in the
  1700s
• Maintained peace, increased trade