Parliament Triumphs in England

1
Parliament Triumphs in England

• The Age of Absolutism
• Chapter 4, Section 3

2
A Century of Revolution Begins

• Elizabeth dies (1603) childless, the last of the
  Tudors.
• James I, (a Stuart) King of Scotland, assumed the
  English throne, believed in divine right and
  clashed with Parliament.
• James also clashed with dissenters, such as the
  Puritans.
• James I is responsible for the English
  translation of the Bible the King James version.

3
A Century of Revolution Begins

• Charles I inherits the throne in 1625 from his
  father, James I.
• Charles I was forced to sign the Petition of
  Right by Parliament which severely limited his
  power to rule by divine right. He dissolves
  Parliament due to this (1629).
• Charles ruled for 11 years without Parliament,
  clashing with dissenters as well.
• Charles I is the king responsible for the
  Puritans coming to the English colonies in
  America.

4
Beginnings of Civil War

• Charles I finally summoned Parliament in 1640
  when he needed money in order to suppress a
  Scottish rebellion. This Parliament is known as
  Long Parliament because it lasted from 1640 to
  1653.
• Radicals in Parliament have some of Charles
  advisors executed on grounds of treason.
• In 1642, Charles I leads troops into Parliament
  on horseback in an attempt to take over.
• This begins the English Civil War.

5
The English Civil War

• Lasts from 1642-1651 Cavaliers (supporters of
  Charles) vs. the Roundheads (Parliament and the
  remaining Puritans).
• The Roundheads were led by Oliver Cromwell.
• Cromwell, a genius and gifted leader, organized a
  New Model Army.
• The Roundheads win and behead Charles I (1649),
  Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector and rules
  the country.
• This unique period of English history is known as
  the Commonwealth.

6
Cromwell and the Commonwealth

• Supporters of the monarchy continued to attack
  England by way of Ireland and Scotland.
• Dissent from within Parliament the Levellers.
• Puritan influence.
• Cromwell dies in 1658.
• 1660 the newly elected Parliament invites Charles
  II to return to England (from exile) and restore
  the monarchy.

7
From Restoration to Glorious Revolution

• Charles II was a popular ruler supporter of the
  arts.
• The brother of Charles II, James II, inherited
  the throne in 1685. He was an open Catholic and
  not equipped to be king.
• His son-in-law and daughter, William and Mary of
  the Netherlands, took over the throne in a
  nonviolent manner in 1688. This bloodless
  overthrow is known as the Glorious Revolution.
• William and Mary agree to the English Bill of
  Rights, creating a Limited Monarchy.

8
Constitutional Monarchy

• The emergence of political parties the Tories
  and the Whigs.
• The Cabinet is initiated.