Democracy Develops in England

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Democracy Develops in England
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• Main Idea England began to develop democratic
  institutions that limited the power of the
  monarchy.
• Why It Matters Now Democratic traditions
  developed in England have influenced many
  countries, including the United States.
• Terms and Names common law, Magna Carta, due
  process of law, Parliament, divine right,
  Glorious Revolution, constitutional monarchy,
  bill of rights

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I. Reforms in Medieval England

• Henry II Juries and Common Law
• King John II 1215 Magna Carta, nobles wanted
  political rights
• Major Issues Taxes, due process of law
• 1295 Nobles and leading citizens called in to
  vote on taxes (Model Parliament) important
  precedent
• House of Lords and House of Commons

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Questions

1. Why did the nobles want King John to sign the
   Magna Carta?
2. What was the Model Parliament and why was it so
   important?

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II. Parliament Grows Stronger

• Par. had power over and passed laws
• King James I divine right, clashed w/
  Parliament (religion, )
• 1625 son Charles I
• Petition of Right
• Parliament dismissed
• 1642 English Civil War
• Royalists vs. Parliament
• Puritan Oliver Cromwell won, Charles I executed
  in 1649

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Questions

1. Why did James I and Charles I need Parliament?
2. What was each side fighting for in the English
   Civil War?
3. Imagine you live in England in 1649. You have
   just heard that King Charles I has been executed.
   What does it make you think about?

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English Civil War 1642 - 1651

• Royalists (Supported King Charles I) vs.
  Parliamentarians (Leader Oliver Cromwell)

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• Early 1642 Royalists held western and northern
  England, and the Parliamentarians occupied a
  large area of eastern England.
• By 1651, after several battles, the
  Parliamentarians had won control of England and
  quashed uprisings in Scotland and Ireland.

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III. Establishment of Constitutional Monarchy

• Cromwell ruled, abuse of power
• 1660 Charles II takes throne (Restoration)
• Parliament kept powers
• 1685 James II, Roman Catholic (GASP!)
• Parliament offered throne to Protestant daughter,
  Mary and William of Orange
• 1689 Glorious Revolution
• Constitutional monarchy
• Bill of Rights (1689)

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Questions

1. Why was Charles II asked back to the throne?
2. Why did the British people not want James II to
   remain king?
3. What advances towards democracy were made under
   William and Mary?

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Document Analysis

• For the following excerpts of the Magna Carta
• summarize what each one says in your own words.
• analyze why this clause (section) would be
  important for the development of democracy in
  England

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Magna Carta Excerpts

• 39. No freeman shall be taken or imprisonedor
  exiled or in any way destroyed, nor will we the
  king go upon him nor send upon him, except by
  the lawful judgement of his peers or by the law
  of the land.

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Magna Carta Excerpts

• 40. To no one will we sell, to no one will we
  refuse or delay, right or justice.
• 45. We will appoint as justices, constables,
  sheriffs, or bailiffs only such as knkow the law
  of the realm and mean to observe it well.