SELF-RULE for CANADA, AUSTRALIA, AND NEW ZEALAND

1
SELF-RULE for CANADA, AUSTRALIA, AND NEW ZEALAND

• Bell work 3
• It states that they bought this century old house
  for there parents which is a national landmark

2
Canada

• Indigenous- original inhabitants of these regions
  were relatively few in number, and white settlers
  quickly subdued and replace them.
• These two English speaking colonies, as well as
  Canada, won independence faster and with greater
  ease than Englands territories in Africa or
  Asia.

3
The Canadian Pattern

• The two Canada's- Canada Act in 1791 created two
  provinces English speaking Upper Canada and
  French Speaking Lower Canada. Each had its own
  laws, legislature.
• 1800s- The people of Upper Canada resented the
  power held by a small British elite. In Lower
  Canada, too, people felt that British officials
  ignored their needs.
• 1837, discontent flared into rebellion in both
  Upper and Lower Canada.

4
The Durham Report

• British learned a lesson from the American
  Revolution, so they sent a able politician, lord
  Durham, to study the causes of the unrest.
• Durham Report called for the two Canada's to be
  reunited and given control over their own
  affairs.
• 1840, Parliament passed the Act of Union it gave
  Canada and elected legislature to determine
  domestic policies. Britain kept control of
  foreign policy and trade.

5
Dominion of Canada

• John Macdonald and George Etienne Cartier, urged
  confederation, or unification, of all Canadas
  provinces. Like many Canadians, MacDonald and
  Cartier feared that the U.S. might try to
  dominate Canada. A strong union would strengthen
  Canada against American ambitions.
• 1867, the British North America Act was passed,
  creating the Dominion of Canada. It united four
  provinces in self governing nation.

6
Expansion

• John Macdonald, Canadas first prime minister,
  encouraged expansion across the continent.
• 1885, the Canadian Pacific Railway opened,
  Linking eastern and western Canada
• As in the U.S., westward expansion destroyed the
  way of life of Native Americans in Canada. Most
  were forced to sign treaties giving up their
  lands. Some resisted, Louis Riel led a revolt of
  the Metis, people of mixed Native American and
  European descent. Government troops put down the
  uprising and executed Riel.

7
Europeans in Australia

• The Dutch in the 1600s were the first Europeans
  to reach Australia.
• 1770, Captain James Cook claimed Australia for
  Britain.
• The First Settlers- They had reached Australia
  50,000 years ago, probably form Southeast Asia.
• Aborigines were groups of small hunting and food
  gathering bands, much as their Stone Age
  ancestors.

8
Penal Colony

• Prisons in London and other cities were jammed
  with poor people arrested for crimes such as
  stealing food or goods to pawn.
• To fulfill the need for prisons, Britain made
  Australia into a penal colony, a place to send
  people convicted of crimes. The first ships,
  carrying about 700 convicts arrived in Botany
  Bay, Australia, in 1788. The men Under the brutal
  discipline of soldiers, worked to clear land for
  the settlement.

9
The Outback

• 1851, gold was found in eastern Australia. Gold
  hunters stayed on to become ranchers and farmer.
  They pushed into the rugged interior known as the
  Outback.
• There too, the y displaced the Aborigines and
  carved out huge sheep ranches and wheat farms.
• 1800s Australia had won a place in a growing
  world economy.

10
Achieving Self-Government

• 1901, Britain helped the colonies unite into the
  independent commonwealth of Australia. The new
  country kept its ties to Britain by recognizing
  the British monarch as its head of state.
• This set up a federal system that limited the
  power of the central government.
• Australia quickly granted women the right to
  vote. It also was the first nation to introduce
  the secret ballot.

11
New Zealand

• Far to the southeast of Australia lies New
  Zealand.
• Maori struggles- Unlike Australia, where the
  Aborigines were spread thinly across a large
  continent, the Maoris were concentrated in a
  smaller area.
• Maoris were settled farmers. They were also a
  warlike people, determined to defend their land.
• 1840, Britain annexed New Zealand. The move was
  designed in part to keep out other imperialist
  powers.
• 1870, resistance crumbled. The Maori population
  had fallen drastically, form 250,000 to less than
  50,000 Only in recent years has the Maori
  population started to grow once more.

12
Self Government

• White New Zealanders sought self-rule. In 1907
  they won independence, with their own parliament,
  prime minister, and elected legislature. They,
  too, preserved close ties to the British empire.
• 1893, it became the first nation to give suffrage
  to women.