Australia as a Global Citizen

1
Australia as a Global Citizen

• Daryl Le Cornu
• Mount Annan High School

2
DARYL.LECORNU_at_education.nsw.gov.au
3
Some Teaching Ideas

• Students to do research using texts and online
  resources
• Individual task or group work?
• Students give presentations to class using ICT?
• Prepare students to write to a scaffold knowing
  key facts in each area
• Debate Australias role as global citizen

4
Is Australia punching above its weight as a
global citizen?
5
Punching above our own weight?

• What does this mean?
• This term was used a few years ago to describe
  Australias role in the world as a middle
  power.

6
What is a middle power?

• a term used in the field of international
  relations to describe states that are not
  superpowers or great powers, but still have large
  or moderate influence and international
  recognition.

7
Australias Ranking

• Australia leaps in economic rankings.doc
• Austs_ranking.doc

8
Australias Self-Image

• A mature democracy
• Rule of law
• Multicultural success story
• Economically competitive
• Militarily allied to a hyper-power - USA
• Politically we seem to have some clout
• Going well now but can we stand on our own in the
  future?

9
Punching above our own weight?

• Australia impressed other nations with its
  swift response to the crisis in East Timor in
  1999
• and
• in military intervention and peacekeeping in
  many locations in the following years.

10
Punching above our own weight?

• This can be considered
• EITHER
• A good thing because we are making a significant
  positive contribution in the world
• OR
• A matter of concern because we are
  over-stretching ourselves as a nation, and cannot
  sustain such an effort given our population and
  the size and growing power of our Asian
  neighbours

11
Punching above our own weight?

• To consider this question we need to examine
  in what ways that Australia has participated as a
  global citizen in the past.
• Then
• We can consider whether Australia is
  involving itself in an appropriate way for a
  middle power today.

12
Alliances
Individuals
Treaties
Australia as a Global Citizen
Regional Organisations
United Nations
Peacekeeping
Humanitarian Relief
Military Action
13
1. Alliances
14
ANZUS

• Members Australia, New Zealand the United
  States
• Signed 1951
• 1st reason originally as a US guarantee that
  Japan would not threaten Australia and NZ again
• 2nd reason in recognition of swift Austn
  support in the Korean War (1950)
• Purpose mutual defence

15
SEATO

• South-East Asia Treaty Organisation
• Signed 1954
• Purpose to fight communism in south-east Asia -
  to be Asian counterpart to NATO (1949)
• Members USA, Britain, France, Philippines,
  Thailand, Pakistan.

16
2. Treaties
60th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights in 2008
17
2. Treaties

• Australia is a signatory to numerous multilateral
  treaties.
• Here are some prominent examples
• UN Charter 1945
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948
• Genocide Convention 1948
• Geneva Conventions 1949
• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968
• Convention Against Torture 1984
• Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty 1996
• Rome Statute (1998) led to formation of
  International Criminal Court (ICC) in 2002
• Kyoto Protocol 1997 (though not until late 2007)

18

• Australia has also signed many bilateral
• (between just two nations) treaties. eg
• Aust-USA Free Trade Agreement 2005

19
3. United Nations
20
UN Headquarters New York
21
2005 UN 60th Anniversary
22
(No Transcript)
23
Former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan
24
Ban Ki-moonUN Secretary-General
25
Security Council in the UN Building New York
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
Various UN committees
29
Australia and the United Nations

• Australia had also been an enthusiastic supporter
  of the League of Nations from 1919
• 1945 - Australia a founding member of UN
• Jessie Street and Dr Evatt helped draft the UN
  Charter
• Dr HV Evatt (ALP Foreign Minister) was President
  of the General Assembly 1948-1949
• Australia has been an enthusiastic supporter for
  most of the post-war period
• Australians have been involved in the work of
  many of the UNs agencies and has actively
  contributed to numerous peacekeeping missions

30
4. Peacekeeping
31
East Timor

• From 1999 then with UN
• Again in 2006
• Again in 2008

32
Solomons - RAMSI
33
Arc of Instability

• East Timor
• New Guinea
• Vanuatu
• Solomons
• Fiji

34
(No Transcript)
35
4. PeacekeepingMost, but not all, are operations
undertaken as part of the UN

• Cyprus 1964
• Sinai 1973
• Kashmir 1976
• Namibia 1979
• Zimbabwe 1979
• Gulf 1991

• Somalia 1993
• Rwanda 1994
• Cambodia 1991-1993
• East Timor 1999
• Solomons 2003
• East Timor 2006

36
Peacekeeping - websites

• http//www.australiaun.org/unWeb/content/policy/pe
  acekeeping.asp
• http//www.awm.gov.au/atwar/peacekeeping.htm
• http//www.awm.gov.au/peacekeeping/
• http//www.anzacday.org.au/history/peacekeeping/pe
  ace01.html
• http//www.un.org/Depts/dpko/dpko/index.asp
• http//www.awm.gov.au/peacekeeping/timeline/timeli
  ne.htm
• http//www.dfat.gov.au/un/aus_un13.html
• http//www.awm.gov.au/peacekeeping/timeline/map.ht
  m
• http//www.defence.gov.au/index.cfm
• http//www.unaa.org.au/praxis.php/category/view/8
• http//www.unaa-wa.org.au/links.php

37
5. Military Action
38
Military Action

• Australia played its part in maintaining peace
  and security in various
• parts of the world by involvement in military
  actions
• Korea 1950-53
• Malaya 1955
• Indonesia 1965
• Vietnam 1965-71
• Gulf War 1991
• Afghanistan 2001 2006
• Iraq 2003

39
6. Humanitarian Relief
40
Humanitarian Relief

• Some examples of the areas in which the
  Australian government and non-government agencies
  provide relief
• Boxing Day Tsunami 2004
• Earthquakes Indonesia 2006, Turkey
• Landmines
• Famine
• HIV/Aids

41
Humanitarian Relief

• For examples see
• http//www.ausaid.gov.au/human/emergencies.cfm
• http//www.ausaid.gov.au/closeup/default.cfm

42
Colombo Plan

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_plan
• http//www.pandanusbooks.com.au/item.php?searchter
  mPB41B

• Started 1951
• Social development and economic aid to South-east
  Asian countries

43
Care Australia

• http//www.careaustralia.org.au/

44
7. Regional Organisations
45
ASEAN
Members   BruneiCambodiaIndonesiaLaosMalaysia
MyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeThailandVietnam
46
The ASEAN Regional Forum
ASEAN Regional Forum  ASEAN countries  Other
ASEAN Regional Forum participants
47
ASEAN Regional Forum

• ASEAN regularly conducts dialogue meetings with
  other countries and an organization, collectively
  known as the ASEAN dialogue partners during the
  ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF).
• The ASEAN Regional Forum is an informal
  multilateral dialogue of 25 members that seeks to
  address security issues in the Asia-Pacific
  region. The ARF met for the first time in 1994.
• The current participants in the ARF are as
  follows ASEAN, Australia, Canada, People's
  Republic of China, European Union, India, Japan,
  North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, New Zealand,
  Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Russia, East Timor,
  and the United States. Bangladesh was added to
  ARF as the 26th member, starting from July 28,
  2006.

48
APEC

• The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a
  group of Pacific Rim countries who meet with the
  purpose of improving economic and political ties.
  It has standing committees on a wide range of
  issues, from communications to fisheries.

• The heads of government of all APEC members meet
  annually in a summit called "APEC Economic
  Leaders' Meeting" rotating in location among
  APEC's member economies. APEC is famous for its
  tradition of having attending leaders dress in
  the national costume of the host nation.

49
APEC Members

Australia Brunei Darussalam Canada Chile People's Republic of China Hong Kong, China Indonesia Japan Malaysia Mexico New Zealand Papua New Guinea Peru Philippines Russia Singapore Republic of Korea Chinese Taipei Thailand United States Vietnam
50
Canberra Commission

• http//www.dfat.gov.au/cc/cchome.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canberra_Commission_o
  n_the_Elimination_of_Nuclear_Weapons

51
8. Individual Australians
52
Stanley Melbourne Bruce

• Ex-Australian PM 1923-29
• Distinguished career in League of Nations in
  1930s
• President of League Council during Ethiopian
  Crisis (1936)
• One of the Leagues most determined international
  statesmen
• Bruce Report (1939) on international economic
  cooperation anticipated work of later Economic
  and Social Council of the UN
• 1946-51 chaired World Food Council of FAO

53
Stanley Melbourne Bruce

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Bruce
• http//www.nma.gov.au/education/school_resources/r
  esource_websites_and_interactives/primeministers/s
  tanley_bruce/

54
Dr H. V. Evatt

• Foreign Minister 1941-1949 in Curtin and Chifley
  Labor governments
• Leading role in creation of UN in 1945
• President of UN General Assembly 1948-1949
• Leading role in creation of the state of Israel
  in 1948

55
Dr H. V. Evatt

• http//www.lib.flinders.edu.au/resources/collectio
  n/special/evatt/evattbiog.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.V._Evatt

56
Jessie Street

• Founding member of the League of Nations Union
  (Aust) in 1918
• Attended League General Assemblies in 1930 and
  1938
• Only Australian woman delegate at the conference
  to create the UN in 1945
• Co-founder of Un Commission on the Status of
  Women and Charter of Womens rights

57
Jessie Street

• http//www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A160396b.ht
  m
• http//uncommonlives.naa.gov.au/contents.asp?cID3
  0
• http//www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE0013b.htm

58
John Sanderson

• 1991 Adviser to the Secretary General of the UN
  to bring peace to Cambodia
• 1991-1993 Commanded 16000 UN force (UNTAC) in
  Cambodia
• Supervised successful elections in 1993 that
  ended civil war going on since 1970

59
John Sanderson

• http//www.awm.gov.au/peacekeeping/cambodia/austra
  lia.htm
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sanderson

60
Gareth Evans

• Foreign Minister in Hawke-Keating governments
• Led international communitys attempts to end
  Vietnamese occupation of and end civil war in
  Cambodia
• Initiated Canberra Commission on Elimination of
  Nuclear Weapons 1996
• Worked for UN in recent years
• Involved in International Crisis Group
• Promoted the Responsibility to Protect doctrine
  (R2P) at the World Summit in 2005
• Worked with Hans Blix on the Weapons of Mass
  Destruction Commission
• Could have been in the running for
  Secretary-General

61
Gareth Evans

• http//www.un-globalsecurity.org/bios/evans.asp
• http//www.answers.com/topic/gareth-evans-politici
  an
• http//www.un.org/News/dh/hlpanel/evans-bio.htm
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gareth_Evans_(politic
  ian)

62
Richard Butler

• Head of UNSCOM 1997-1998
• Expert on nuclear arms control
• Wrote book Fatal Choice in 2002
• Critic of George W. Bush Administrations
  unilateralist foreign policy
• Advocate of strengthening Nuclear
  Non-Proliferation Treaty

63
Richard Butler

• http//www.theglobalist.com/DBWeb/AuthorBiography.
  aspx?AuthorId71
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Butler_28dip
  lomat29
• http//www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/10/03/10335386
  80140.html
• http//www.amazon.com/gp/product/0813340977/refpd
  _bxgy_img_a/103-1750409-9919846?ieUTF8

64
Helen Caldicott

• Passionate campaigner against the hazards of the
  nuclear age for 35 years
• Written numerous books on nuclear Issues
• One of the influential women of the twentieth
  century Smithsonian Institute
• President of Nuclear Policy Research Institute in
  Washington DC

65
Helen Caldicott

• http//experts.about.com/e/h/he/Helen_Caldicott.ht
  m
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Caldicott
• http//sandiego.indymedia.org/en/2006/08/117236.sh
  tml
• http//www.helencaldicott.com/

66
Steve Pratt

• Human rights campaigner
• Humanitarian work for CARE since 1993 in Iraq,
  Somalia, Rwanda, Zaire and Yugoslavia
• Taken prisoner in Yugoslavia in 1999
• Wrote book in 2000 Duty of Care
• Speaker on international issues

67
Steve Pratt

• http//www.celebrityspeakers.com.au/brspeaker_bio.
  asp?Speaker_Index_Text213
• http//www.abc.net.au/7.30/stories/s48925.htm

68
Rod Barton

• Expert in WMDs
• Member of the inspection teams in Iraq, UNSCOM
  and UNMOVIC 1991-2002
• Adviser to US survey group in Iraq in 2003
• Embarrased the Australian Govt by stating that he
  saw abuse of prisoners in Iraq and passed this
  info on to the Govt.

69
Rod Barton

• http//www.smh.com.au/articles/2005/02/14/11082298
  65866.html
• http//www.apfn.net/messageboard/02-16-05/discussi
  on.cgi.57.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNSCOM
• http//www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2005/s13024
  94.htm
• http//www.wsws.org/articles/2005/feb2005/mhab-f18
  .shtml

70
Peter Cosgove

• Led INTERFET peacekeeping mission into East Timor
  in 1999
• Success of the mission made him one of the most
  respected and popular military leaders

71
Peter Cosgove

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Cosgrove
• http//www.awm.gov.au/atwar/peacekeeping.htm
• http//www.brisinst.org.au/resources/sanderson_way
  ne_soldier.html
• http//www.etan.org/et2000a/february/20-29/23aust.
  htm

72
James Wolfensohn

• President of World Bank 1995-2006
• Tried to address the needs of the worlds poorest
  countries
• 1996 launched Heavily Indebted Poor Countries
  Initiative (HIPC).
• Advocated trust building between the Banks
  clients, NGOs and private companies

73
James Wolfensohn

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wolfensohn
• http//www.globalpolicy.org/socecon/bwi-wto/wolfso
  hn.htm
• http//www.npr.org/programs/npc/2003/031029jwolfen
  sohn.html
• http//web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTU
  S/EXTARCHIVES/0,,contentMDK20475199pagePK36726
  piPK36092theSitePK29506,00.html

74
Rowan Gillies

• Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Afghanistan,
  Sierra Leone before
• MSF medical coordinator in south Sudan, then
  Liberia.
• President of MSF Australia in January 2002
• elected international president of MSF later in
  2002

75
Rowan Gillies

• http//news.sbs.com.au/dateline/index.php?pagearc
  hivedaysum2005-04-13
• http//www.theage.com.au/articles/2005/01/20/11061
  10882796.html?fromtop5
• http//careerfocus.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/ful
  l/329/7462/68

76
Frank Lowy

• One of Australias richest businessman
• Lowy Institute for International Policy -
  independent, non-partisan think tank
• to conduct original, policy-relevant research
  about international political

77
Frank Lowy

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lowy
• http//www.lowyinstitute.org/

78
SoIs Australia punching above its weight as a
global citizen?
79
Punching above our own weight?

• How has Australia performed as a global citizen
  in the past?
• What is Australia doing now?
• What should Australia do in the future?

80
Consider the following

• Know some facts on each of these areas

81
Alliances
Individuals
Treaties
Australia as a Global Citizen
Regional Organisations
United Nations
Peacekeeping
Humanitarian Relief
Military Action
82
The End