Chapter 26: New Global Patterns

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Chapter 26 New Global Patterns

• Section 1 Japan Modernizes
• Section 2 Southeast Asia the Pacific
• Section 3 Self-Rule for Canada, Australia New
  Zealand
• Section 4 Economic Imperialism in Latin America
• Section 5 Impact of Imperialism

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Section 1 Japan Modernizes

• Summary
• To avoid domination by the West, Japan opened its
  doors to foreign influences and became a modern
  industrialized power

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Section 1 Japan Modernizes

• Since 1638, Shoguns had closed Japan to visitors
  and trade
• In 1853, U.S. warships sailed into Tokyo Bay
• Commodore Perry carried a letter from the
  American president demanding that Japan open its
  ports
• Japan could not fight the U.S. Navy, and it soon
  signed the first of many trade treaties

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Section 1 Japan Modernizes

• Some Japanese said the Shogun showed weakness
  against the foreigners
• In 1867, a revolt ended Shogun control of Japan
• A young emperor (15) began a long reign
• Under his rule the Japanese were ready to accept
  the western world and learn what they could

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Section 1 Japan Modernizes

• By the 1890s, Japan had developed a modern army
  and navy
• Japan had built modern steel mills and railroads
• This quick success was due to a number of causes
• Common culture Language
• Japan had a long tradition of learning from
  foreigners
• The Japanese were determine to resist foreign rule

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Section 1 Japan Modernizes

• As industry grew, Japan needed colonies to supply
  raw materials
• Gaining such colonies meant war
• In 1884 Japan defeated China and gained Korea

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Section 1 Japan Modernizes

• When Russia showed interest in Korea, Japan
  declared war
• For the first time in modern history, an Asian
  nation defeated a European power
• By 1910, Japan held complete control of Korea
• The Age of Japanese imperialism had begun

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-1st Japanese constitution based on German
model -Emperor holds power
Meiji Motto A rich Country, a strong Military.
Meiji means Enlightened Rule
The Meiji Period
Ends official Class system
Replaces Shogun rule With rule by Emperor
Modernizes military, business industry
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Section 2 Southeast Asia the Pacific

• The Big Idea
• Western industrialist powers divided up Southeast
  Asia in pursuit of raw materials, new markets
  Christian converts

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Section 2 Southeast Asia the Pacific

• In the 1800s, industrial powers looked to
  Southeast Asia for resources and markets
• Christians saw a place to spread Christianity
• Just as it had in Africa, Europe began to grab
  land

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Section 2 Southeast Asia the Pacific

• The Dutch East India Company controlled the Spice
  Islands, and the Dutch set up colonies to grow
  coffee and spices

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Section 2 Southeast Asia the Pacific

• The people of Burma (now called Myanmar) did not
  realize the might of the British forces
• They lost many wars before falling to Britain in
  the 1800s

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Section 2 Southeast Asia the Pacific

• In Vietnam, leaders also failed to understand
  western might
• The French gained Vietnam, Laos Cambodia
• The French called their colonial holdings in
  Southeast Asia, French Indochina

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Section 2 Southeast Asia the Pacific

• By the 1890s, Europeans controlled most of
  Southeast Asia

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Section 2 Southeast Asia the Pacific

• The king of Siam (now called Thailand) did not
  underestimate western powers
• He decided to learn from the west and build his
  own strength
• Siam granted some rights to the West but remained
  a free kingdom

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Section 2 Southeast Asia the Pacific

• The United States became an imperialist nation by
  reaching into the Pacific
• In 1878, it gained rights in Samoa
• In 1898, success in the Spanish-American War gave
  the United States the Philippines
• In 1893, the Queen of Hawaii tried to reduce
  foreign holdings
• American sugar planters led a revolt
• The United States annexed Hawaii in 1898

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Section 2 Southeast Asia the Pacific

• By 1900, western powers held nearly every island
  in the Pacific
• Soon Japan wanted its share too

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Section 3 Self-Rule for Canada, Australia New
Zealand

• The Big Idea
• The British colonies of Canada, Australia New
  Zealand won independence faster and with greater
  ease than territories in Africa Asia

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Canada
Australia
New Zealand
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Section 3 Self-Rule for Canada, Australia New
Zealand

• In the British colonies of Canada, Australia
  New Zealand, white settlers quickly outnumbered
  the natives
• The British freed these colonies more easily
• They felt that whites were more able to govern
  themselves than the nonwhites of India and Asia

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Section 3 Self-Rule for Canada, Australia New
Zealand

• Britain gained Canada from France in 1763
• Following the American Revolution and a revolt in
  Upper and Lower Canada in 1837, Britain created
  the free Dominion of Canada in 1867
• The new nation kept close ties with Britain

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One place, one empire
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Section 3 Self-Rule for Canada, Australia New
Zealand

• The first Australians probably came from
  Southeast Asia
• They became known as Aborigines
• In 1770, British Captain James Cook claimed
  Australia
• Britain first used the land as a prison, where
  they could send their convicts

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Section 3 Self-Rule for Canada, Australia New
Zealand

• A gold rush and fine sheep ranches brought new
  settlers
• They moved into the rugged interior known as the
  Outback, pushing out or killing the Aborigines
• In 1901, Britain granted self-rule
• The new country still honored the British monarch
  as head of state

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Section 3 Self-Rule for Canada, Australia New
Zealand

• In 1769, Captain Cook claimed New Zealand
• In 1840, Britain annexed New Zealand and white
  settlers began to claim land
• The local Maori people fought back
• By 1870, most Maoris had died in wars or from
  disease
• New Zealand gained self-rule in 1907
• New Zealand, like Canada Australia kept close
  ties to Britain

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Section 4 Economic Imperialism in Latin America

• The Big Idea
• The economy of Latin America became dependent on
  industrial nations for investment, technology and
  manufactured goods

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Section 4 Economic Imperialism in Latin America

• Most of Latin America gained independence in the
  1800s
• Yet life did not improve for most people
• There were revolts and civil wars
• Prejudice and poverty continued

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Section 4 Economic Imperialism in Latin America

• Local strongmen known as caudillos put together
  armies and made themselves dictators
• Revolts often overthrew the caudillos
• Still, power stayed with a small ruling class

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Section 4 Economic Imperialism in Latin America

• Colonial economies had depended on Spain and
  Portugal
• The colonies sent raw materials to their ruling
  lands
• They bought finished goods from their rulers
• Later, Britain and the U.S. became trading
  partners with the freed nations
• They took control of prices and set rules
  governing trade
• Latin America came to depend on them

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Section 4 Economic Imperialism in Latin America

• British and American companies wanted to guard
  their employees and investments in Latin America
• They claimed the right to act when events
  threatened their interests

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Section 4 Economic Imperialism in Latin America

• In 1823, U.S. President James Monroe issued the
  Monroe Doctrine
• It said that the Americas were closed to further
  colonization and that the U.S. would oppose any
  European efforts to reestablish colonies

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Section 4 Economic Imperialism in Latin America

• In 1903, the U.S. wanted to build a canal across
  the Central American land of Panama
• Columbia, which ruled Panama, refused to grant
  land for the canal

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Section 4 Economic Imperialism in Latin America

• The U.S. backed a revolt against Columbia
• Panama won freedom and gave the U.S. the land to
  build the canal
• Many Latin Americans saw the U.S.s actions as
  interference and an example of Yankee imperialism

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Section 5 Impact of Imperialism

• The Big Idea
• The Age of Imperialism brought an exchange of
  goods, money, materials and ideas

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Section 5 Impact of Imperialism

• The age of imperialism changed the West and its
  colonies
• The industrial nations of Britain, France,
  Germany and the United States controlled a new
  global economy
• They sent goods, investment money and knowledge
  to the rest of the world
• In return, Africa, Asia and Latin America
  supplied natural resources, farm crops and cheap
  labor

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Section 5 Impact of Imperialism

• In many ways, colonies suffered greatly under
  foreign rule
• Imported goods wiped out local craft industries
• Famines swept lands where farms grew export crops
  instead of food
• Yet, foreign rule also moved countries into the
  modern age

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Section 5 Impact of Imperialism

• Imperialism brought an exchange of cultures
• Europeans made it their mission to spread western
  ways
• Many conquered peoples accepted western ways
• They learned to speak western languages
• They wore western clothing styles
• Some lost touch with their own cultures

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Section 5 Impact of Imperialism

• However, others held on to their customs
• In the end most colonies blended old and new
  ideas
• Imperialism enriched the West
• Ties with Africa, Asia and Latin America brought
  new
• Art
• Music
• Fashions
• Foods

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Section 5 Impact of Imperialism

• At times more than one European nation tried to
  gain the territory
• Tensions rose as each feared the other would
  build a stronger empire
• Conflicts sometimes threatened to end in war