Exploring Nature unit 5 Great Scientists

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Exploring Natureunit 5Great Scientists
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Albert Einstein
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The father of modern physics
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Charles Darwin
Theory Natural Selection Works the Origin of
Species
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Thomas Edison
One of the greatest inventors of the 20th century
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Yang Zhenning
The Nobel Prize for Physics in 1957
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Other famous inventorsWho invented them?
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phone
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Bell
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Plane
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The Wright Brothers
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What made them so great?
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Scan the text and finish the taskSome
Important Information about Einstein
He was born in Germany.
______________________
1879 1894 1905 ____
He attended a polytechnic school in Switzerland.
______________________________ __________
He began to publish his thoughts.
____________________________
He became a professor of physics at the
University of Berlin.
1914
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Some Important Information about Einstein
1921 After 1933 ____
____________________________ _____________________
_______ __________________
He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for
his work on the photoelectric effect.
______________________________ ___________________
___________ ______________________________ _______
____
He had to leave Germany and spent the rest of
his life teaching in the United States at
Princeton University.
He passed away at the age of 76.
1955
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• In chronological order
• ??????

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Einsteins Contributions (Para. C- F)

an explanation for the photoelectric
effect

• One of Einsteins theories provided ____
• ___________________________________.
• In the long course of research he developed
• ______________________.
• His theories also predicted ______________
• _____________________________.
• His theories led to _________________
• _________________________________.

his theories of relativity

that solid object can be changed into pure energy
the
development of nuclear power and the atomic
bomb
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Headings
Sections
An all-round and modest genius Major
achievements and academic theories Early life
and interests in mathematics and physics
Section One (Para. A B)
Section Two (Para. C F)
Section Three (Para. G I)
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Listen to the tape

• When you are listening, please underline the new
  words and phrases in the text.

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vocabulary

• to hold an intense interest or attraction for

fascinate

• action, activity

movement

• a quality or an ability that makes a person
• suitable for a particular position or task

qualification
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• the natural force of attraction caused by Earth

gravity

• the quality or state of being relative

relativity

• lower in rank younger

junior
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Textthe Father of Modern Physics
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fascinate vt.??,??? attract fascinating
adj.???? attractive fascinated adj.????
attracted
The audience was greatly fascinated by the
performance of the children. The little boy is
fascinated with computer games. ???????????????
be fascinated by ????
be fascinated with ??
The visitors were fascinated by the beautiful
scenery of the West Lake.
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qualification ??,?? qualify v.????
be qualified for sth./to do sth.
After four years of study in the university John
had the qualifications for being a
lawyer. Although he seems very strong, he doesnt
have the qualifications for pilots.
He is not qualified to teach French. ?????????
She is not qualified for this post.
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carry out ??,?? eg. When will you carry out
your plan? ??????????? I was chosen to carry out
the experiment.
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lead to ?? This will lead to misunderstanding.
All roads lead to Rome.
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provide sth for sb / provide sb with sth
?????? ?????????
Parents provide their children with food and
clothing.
27
award vt.??,??
award sb. sth award sth. to sb. He was
awarded the first prize. The gold medal was
awarded to the farmer for his fine new species of
vegetables.
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speak out against????

• ?????????????????
• He always spoke out against injustice.
• speak of
• ??,??
• speak highly/well of sb
• ????
• speak for
• ????,??????
• e.g. Im ready to decide, but I cant speak for
  my colleagues.

29
flee (fled, fled) v.??,?? run away
The enemy fled in disorder. The criminal killed
all his roommates and fled the country. (????)
????????,?????????????? During the Second World
War, many Jewish people had to flee (from)
Germany.
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predict vt.??,??
prediction n. predictable adj.????,????
?????????????
The weather reporter predicts that it is going to
rain tomorrow.
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protest v.??,?? ( against)
He protested against being called a fool. The
children protested loudly when they were told
to go to bed early.
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qualification ??,?? qualify v.????
be qualified for sth./to do sth.
After four years of study in the university John
had the qualifications for being a
lawyer. Although he seems very strong, he doesnt
have the qualifications for pilots.
He is not qualified to teach French. ?????????
She is not qualified for this post.
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carry out ??,?? eg. When will you carry out
your plan? ??????????? I was chosen to carry out
the experiment.
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lead to ?? This will lead to misunderstanding.
All roads lead to Rome.
35
provide sth for sb / provide sb with sth
?????? ?????????
Parents provide their children with food and
clothing.
36
award vt.??,??
award sb. sth award sth. to sb. He was
awarded the first prize. The gold medal was
awarded to the farmer for his fine new species of
vegetables.
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speak out against????

• ?????????????????
• He always spoke out against injustice.
• speak of
• ??,??
• speak highly/well of sb
• ????
• speak for
• ????,??????
• e.g. Im ready to decide, but I cant speak for
  my colleagues.

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flee (fled, fled) v.??,?? run away
The enemy fled in disorder. The criminal killed
all his roommates and fled the country. (????)
????????,?????????????? During the Second World
War, many Jewish people had to flee (from)
Germany.
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predict vt.??,??
prediction n. predictable adj.????,????
?????????????
The weather reporter predicts that it is going to
rain tomorrow.
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protest v.??,?? ( against)
He protested against being called a fool. The
children protested loudly when they were told
to go to bed early.
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be/become/get involved in ????????
The scientist is involved in the new research
work. The country is involved in a war and its
people are suffering greatly. Mary became
involved in their dispute when she tried to give
her own opinion. The old lady likes to become
involved in everything and know all the details.
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company n. I should be glad to be your
company on the journey. John
established a company with his elder brother.
??
??
??keep sb company ????
eg. I will not go with you Ill stay at home
and keep my mother company.
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much too


too much

too many
?,????????
??,???????
??,??????
a. There are _________ people here. Lets go to
another restaurant.

b. This maths problem is _________
difficult for me. I cant work it out.

c. One will never think
he has _________ money.
too many
much too
too much
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leave sth/sb behind ??,??,????
?????????
I have left my luggage behind.
leave sb/sth alone
??????/??
???!(????????)
Leave me alone!
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a wealth of ?? (??????????)
???? ??? ????? ?????
a wealth of friends
a wealth of books
a wealth of ideas
a wealth of information
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• practice

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Phrases ??????? ???? ???????? ??,?? ??,?? ??????
??? ?????? ?? ????????
be born of Jewish parents
be fascinated by
take a post as a junior clerk
carry out
lead to
publish his thoughts
provide sth for sb/ provide sb with sth
come to power
speak out against
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??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????
?
as a result
pure energy
nuclear power
protest against nuclear weapons
become involved in the peace movement
take oneself seriously
pass away
leave behind a wealth of ideas
form the foundation of
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1 ?????????????????????????? 2
??????,?????????? 3 ?????????????????????

(fascinate, award)
The audience were fascinated by the performance
of the boy. As a result, he was awarded the first
prize.
(flee, jewelry)
The robber fled hurriedly, leaving behind the
jewelry that he robbed.
(be involved in, protest)
Einstein was involved in the peace movement and
protested against the nuclear weapons.
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4 ????????????????????????,????????????? 5
?Tom????????,?????????????????
(take seriously)
Einstein was modest and down-to-earth, and didnt
take himself seriously. Though he has passed
away, he left behind a wealth of ideas.
(take a post, key)
After gaining the teaching qualification, Tom
took a post as a teacher in a key senior school.
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Workbook grammar B
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• 1. Tom realized he was wrong only at that time.
• Only at that time ________________________________
  _
• 2. The scientist hardly had a day off in the long
  course of his experiment.
• Hardly____________________________________________
  ______________________

did Tom realize he was wrong
did the scientist have a day off in the long
course of his experiment
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• 3. The old lady will never forget those happy
  days.
• Never _______________________________
• 4. The girl did not start doing her homework
  until her mother returned.
• Not until_________________________________________
  _________________________

will the old lady forget those happy days.
her mother returned did the girl start doing her
homework.
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• 5. The young man knew little about the accident.
• Little ____________________________________
• 6. Nowadays young people seldom use pens to write
  letters.
• Seldom____________________________________________
  _____________________

did the young man know about the accident.
do young people use pens to write letters nowadays
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Translation1. ????????????????????(be
fascinated)

• The young were all fascinated by the changing
  colors of the setting sun/ sunset.

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2. ???????????,??????????(obtain the
qualifications for)

• After Jack obtained the qualification for a high
  school teacher, he started his teaching career.

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3. ?????????????????(speak out against)

• Anyone is welcome to speak out against me.

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4. ???????????,????.(take up)

• In the past few days, we have taken up the work
  in turn and never stopped.

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5. ????,?????????????????.(change into)

• After the experiment, the chemistry teacher began
  to explain what coal changed into after burning.

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6. ??????,???????,?????(apart from)

• Apart from being clever, Tom is very kind and
  ready to help others.

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7. ????????????????????.(spend doing)

• Professor Li spent over 10 years (in) completing
  this important essay.

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8. ??????????????????? (It takes to)

• How long did it take them to climb up to the top
  of the mountain and return to the village?

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81.- 85 ????

• 81. It was these experiments that made her
  believe that the theory was right.
• 82. Hawkings theories were so advanced that it
  was a long time before they were accepted.
• Hawings theories were soo advanced that it took
  a long time before they were accepted.

64

• 83. It was the scientists devotion that led to
  the breakthroughs one after another in the field
  of science. (one breakthrough after another)
• 84. What we have seen is always different from
  what we have heard.
• 85. What he left behind is a wealth of literature
  masterpieces, which can stand the test of time.
• Or. He left behind a wealth of literature
  masterpieces which can stand the test of time.

65
86. ????1827???,???????????????(pass away, leave
behind)

• Beethoven passed away in 1827 and left a wealth
  of masterpieces behind, which are well known to
  the whole world.

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87. ??????????????????(a wealth of)

• A comic strip is a book with a wealth of funny
  illustrations.
• A comic strip is a book which has a wealth of
  funny illustrations.

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88. ??????????????????(speak out against
excessive exploitation)

• It was he who spoke out against the excessive
  exploitation of the oil.

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89.??2008?????????,?????????????????????(become
involved in)

• With the coming of the Olympic Games in 2008,
  more and more young people become involved in a
  great variety of ( many kinds of) voluntary
  activities.

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90. ??,???????????????(screw up ones courage)

• Finally, I screwed up my courage to enter for an
  election for monitor.
• enter for ????

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Dictation

• When he was at school, Einstein showed great
  interest in __1__ and did quite well at it. He
  gained a teachers __2__ in Switzerland and
  worked as a junior clerk in an office. He spent a
  lot of time thinking about physics. His __3__ led
  him to success step by step. When he was 26, he
  __4__his thoughts, which made him become known in
  the physics field. In 1921, when he was 42 years
  old, he was __5__ the Nobel Prize for Physics.

71

• Although he was one of the greatest scientists
  who ever lived, Einstein always took himself
  as__6__ man. He liked to get together with
  children, and found much __7__ in simple
  pastimes.
• In 1955, when he was 76, he great man died. He
  left behind a __8__ of ideas that __9__ one of
  the greatest __10__ of mankind.

72

• 1. mathematics 6.ordinary
• 2. qualification 7.pleasure
• 3. efforts 8.wealth
• 4. published 9. remains
• 5. awarded 10. treasures

73

• Verbs
• lt1gt

74

• 71. are being rebuilt
• 72. had taken
• ??????????,??????????????????????
• 73. to have been caused
• Cause damage/ damaged be caused
• 74. being invited
• 75. goes

75

• 76. becoming
• 77.hadnt seen
• ??????,insist?????????
• E.g. She insisted that she hadnt stolen the
  purse.
• ????, insist????????
• E.g. They insisted that the patient be sent to
  the hospital at once.
• 78. to arrive
• ????????????????????
• E.g. He was the last person to leave the office.
• 79. to show
• 80. caught
• E.g. get caught, get paid, get fined

76

• 81. made
• 82. is taught
• ????as well as, along with, except, together
  with, rather than ?
• ???? not only.. But also, neither nor,
  either or?
• E.g. Either you or he is wrong.
• There be ?????????????????????
• E.g. There is a pen, 2 pencils and a ruler here.
• 83. is being discussed
• 84. be easily moulded????
• 85. is returned

77
lt2gt

• 71. was being repaired
• 72. Seated
• 73. Not to frighten
• 74. covered
• 75. to have studied
• 76. has been sent
• 77. (to be) done
• 78. built

78

• 79. to be held
• 80. drying
• 81. to understand
• 82. going over
• 83. will have been explained
• 84. have just started
• 85. delivered
• e.g. get my hair cut/ get the bicycle
  repaired

79
lt3gt

• 71. left
• since ???????,???????
• e.g. It is/ has been a long time since he left.
• 72. didnt quite catch
• e.g. Sorry, I didnt realize you were sleeping.
• 73. had finished
• 74. had known
• ?????????????????,??would v. ??
  ??????
• 75. hadnt tried

80

• 76. Finding
• ????
• 77. wasting
• There is no point doing sth.????
• There is no need to do sth. ????
• 78. to have written
• 79. to go
• 80. printed

81

• 81. disappointing
• 82. Hearing
• e.g. Hearing the news, he burst into tears.
• e.g. Seeing his parents, the boy jumped up.
• 83. will have finished
• 84. had meant
• 85. Having run
• ????????????????

82
lt4gt

• 71. Not listened
• ?Because he was not listened to, the teacher
  became very angry.
• 72. sank
• 73. being
• 74. To be answered
• 75. having arrived

83

• 76. being held
• 77. wont start
• ?? ???????
• ????? (????)
• 78. was staring
• 79. has been done
• ?????????????
• 80. devoted

84

• 81. be put off
• ? Mary suggests that the discussion should be
  put off and we are all for it.
• 82. are to blame
• sb. be to blame for sth. be responsible for
  sth.
• ?????
• rather than ????????
• 83. left ( If it is left in a war place, a snow
  ball melts quickly)
• 84. being treated
• 85. raised

85
lt5gt

• 71. having
• 72. to be found
• 73. be left
• 74. not being
• ????????
• ??????(???,???????)
• 75. parked

86

• 76. catches
• 77. weighs
• ???????,?measure, weigh????????
• 78. being invited
• 79. would be
• ????????????would v.
• 80. had made

87

• 81. repeated
• 82. to lave
• 83. came
• 84. knowing
• 85. are being repaired

88
lt6gt

• 71. proved
• 72. are being spoken
• 73. understood
• 74. not having passed
• 75.living

89

• 76. had dreamed
• 77. satisfied
• 78. manufactured
• 79. has also undergone
• 80. worry

90

• 81. Not having found
• 82. started
• 83. caused
• 84. crying
• 85. leading

91
lt7gt

• 71. known
• 72. forgot
• 73. founded
• 74. would be
• ????????????would v. ??were n.
• ??????????????????,?????????
• 75. couldnt have passed
• But for ???(??)

92

• 76. weighed
• 77.weighed
• ???????,?measure, weigh????????
• 78. pretending to understand
• to have understood when you havent.
• 79. paid
• 80. limited
• ???

93

• 81. to be held
• 82. needed
• any time when it is needed
• 83. being operated
• 84. to be given
• 85. to get
• what was the way to get enough money?