The Age of Jefferson

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The Age of Jefferson

• 1800-1816

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The Revolution of 1800

• The election of 1800 represented the first time
  in history that a country had peacefully
  transferred power from one political group to its
  rival without bloodshed
• Jefferson changed as a leader, as he became more
  open to expanding powers of the Federal
  government as shown in the Louisiana Purchase
• Jefferson was saddled with a largely Federalist
  Court system
• The influence of the Federalists would carry on
  for several years past their electoral success

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Foreign Entanglements

• The Barbary Pirates
• Pirates were demanding tribute for American ships
  to safely travel
• Jefferson dismissed the demands and sent the navy
• Although there was no significant victory, it did
  gain respect for American ships
• Napoleonic Wars
• The French and English were harassing American
  ships trying to trade
• Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
• The Leopard fired on the Chesapeake and this
  ignited Anti-British sentiments
• Led Jefferson to ask for the Embargo Act of 1807

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Review Question

• How was the Barbary Pirates incident different
  from the XYZ Affair?
• The United States refused to pay the Barbary
  Pirates, but paid the French
• The United States navy intervened in the XYZ
  Affair
• The United States paid the Barbary Pirates
  initially, but refused to pay the French
  government
• The Barbary Pirates incident was solved
  politically, while the XYZ affair was solved
  militarily

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John Marshall and the Supreme Court

• He became the Chief Justice when appointed by
  Adams and served for 34 years
• In 1803 the court decided the case of Marbury v.
  Madison that established Judicial Review
• Other cases that solidified Federal Power
• Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
• McCullough v. Maryland (1819)
• Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
• These cases highlighted a new idea called
  judicial nationalism

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Review Question

• The lasting impact of the Marshall Court was
• An increase in Federal power
• An increase in state power
• The override of a Presidential veto
• A diminishing of judicial power
• anarchy

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Review Question

• Jeffersons idea for an embargo came from
• The French Revolution
• Colonial boycotts organized by the Sons of
  Liberty
• Colonial boycotts organized by British regulars
• The Non-Intercourse Act
• Macons Bill 2

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Madisons Presidency

• Madison was elected in 1808 and jumped into a
  brewing problem with trade on the Atlantic
• Britain and France continued to harass American
  ships
• Madison signed the Non -Intercourse Act of 1809
  that said the US would trade with all nations
  except Britain and France, attempting to maintain
  neutrality
• Macons Bill 2 (1810) allowed that we would
  resume trade with the first nation to respect our
  trade rights on the Atlantic
• Napoleon said he would, but then continued piracy
  of American ships

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Review Question

• The Revolution of 1800 was
• A bloody, armed revolution in France
• Supported strongly by most European autocrats
• A peaceful transfer of power
• The end of the Federalists reign
• A rejection of democratic principles

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The War of 1812

• The continued harassment of US ships led the war
  hawks of the west to demand action
• Ironically, they were the least impacted by the
  trade wars at sea
• Eastern shippers were not inclined to war as
  their profits were aided by the trouble at sea
• The War lasted 2 years and the was ended with the
  Treaty of Ghent
• All boundaries remained exactly where they were
  before the war
• This is often referred to as the Second War for
  Independence

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Review Question

• The group most strongly opposed to the War of
  1812 was
• Western farmers
• New England shippers
• Federalists
• Jeffersonian Democrats
• Impressed sailors

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Cultural Nationalism

• James Monroes Presidency was termed the Era of
  Good Feelings
• This is a bit of a misnomer as the era was marked
  by debate of tariffs, the bank, slavery and the
  direction of national policy
• Patriotism reigned during this era as nationalism
  was on a rise after the victory over Britain
• The Hudson River School of art developed as well
  as a national literature
• The national literature was highlighted by
  stories of triumph such as the Last of the
  Mohicans

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Review Question

• Cultural Nationalism was demonstrated through
• The Era of Good Feelings
• The brief demise of the 2 party system
• Literature such as the Last of the Mohicans
• The Hudson River School of Art
• All of the above

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Economic Nationalism

• The Tariff of 1816 raised tariffs to protect
  business, this was Americas first protective
  tariff
• Henry Clays American System
• Designed to link the nation together
  economically, it was designed from this feeling
  of nationalism
• National roadways, tariffs, and a national bank
• Vetoed by Monroe
• The Panic of 1819
• This brought an end to the Era of Good Feelings
• Land speculation and tight money policy
  contributed to the failing economy

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Review Question

• Henry Clays American System had all of the
  following except
• National roadways
• A national bank
• A protective tariff
• Support for land speculation
• The veto of President Monroe

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Review Questions

• Which of the following contributed to the Panic
  of 1819?
• Land Speculation
• The American System
• Limited currency
• The Era of Good Feelings
• I and II only
• I and IV only
• I only
• I and III only
• I, II, and III

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The Missouri Compromise

• The slavery issue did not die with the end of
  slave importation
• Balance in the Senate was a key goal of the
  Southern states
• Maine is added as a free state, Missouri as a
  slave state
• 36 30 is set as a boundary
• N of line- no slavery
• S of line- slavery ok

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The Rise of Sectionalism

• The North developed into an industrial society
  that favored high tariffs and trade policies
• The West was a farming society that did not
  require slaves
• Southern society continued to develop around the
  plantation and cash crops for export. They did
  not like tariffs
• These three societies continued to move further
  apart as the years went on
• The greatest debates continued to be over tariffs
  and slavery

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Review Question

• Sectionalism arose because of
• Economic differences
• Tariff issues
• Slavery issues
• The Missouri Compromise
• All of the above

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Review Question

• The Era of Good Feelings was
• An appropriate name due to the relative calm of
  the period
• An appropriate name due to the harmonious nature
  of politics in America
• An inappropriate name because the underlying
  factors of the panic of 1819 were sown
• An inappropriate name because sectionalism was
  cemented during this period
• All of the above

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Review Question

• The first law allowing religious freedom in
  America was
• The House of Burgesses
• The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• The Quartering Act
• The Intolerable Act
• The Maryland Act of Toleration

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Review Question

• Leading colonial proponents of religious freedom
  were
• Anne Hutchison
• John Peter Zenger
• Roger Williams
• William Penn
• I only
• I, II and IV
• I, II, and III
• I and III
• I, III, and IV

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Review Question

• The mercantilist system was FIRST enforced by the
• Proclamation of 1763
• Quartering Act
• Coercive Acts
• Navigation Acts
• Declaratory Act

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Review Question

• What cleared the way for Englands dominance of
  the Atlantic?
• The Navigation Acts
• The Maryland Act of Toleration
• The defeat of the Spanish Armada
• The Treaty of Tordesillas
• The Declaration of Independence

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Review Question

• The frontier group in Pennsylvania that fought
  Indians was
• The Sons of Liberty
• The Committees of Correspondence
• The Boston Tea Party
• The Quakers
• The Paxton Boys