Theodore Roosevelt and the US Foreign Policy

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Theodore Rooseveltand the US Foreign Policy

• 1901-1909
• Republican
• Born 1858-
• died 1919
• From New York
• VP- Charles W. Fairbanks
• PP Progressivism

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(1) Acquisition of the Presidency

• 1. Roosevelt became president in 1901 after
  McKinley was assassinated by Leon Czologosz
• McKinley was rushed to hospital, treated and
  moved to a private residence
• Seemed to be doing better but died after gangrene
  set in around the bullet wounds

Theodore Roosevelt was the only U.S. President
sworn in without a Bible. Ansley Wilcox, who
owned the Wilcox Mansion where Roosevelt was
inaugurated, wrote
According to my best recollection
no Bible was used, but President
Roosevelt was sworn in with
uplifted hand.
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• At age 42, Roosevelt became the 26th President
  of the United States and the youngest man to ever
  serve as President! (John F. Kennedy was the
  youngest man ever elected to that office at the
  age of 43).

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By the end of the decade!!1900-1909

• 76,000,000 Americans in 46 states   (by the end
  of the decade.)
• Policeman arrests woman for smoking in public 
• 46,000,000 in the U.S. treasury 
• 8,000 cars - 10 miles of paved roads 
• 1900 - Auto deaths 96 lynchings 115 
• San Francisco Earthquake took 700 lives and cost
  over 4,000,000 in damage. 
• Average worker made 12.98 per week for 59 hours 
  
• Life expectancy 47.3 female, 46.3 male - 33.0
  African Americans 

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Teddy Before the Presidency

• Assemblyman for NY State
• Civil Service Commissioner under Harrison
• NYC Police Commissioner
• Assistant Secretary of the Navy under McKinley
• Leader of the Rough Riders
• Governor of NY
• Vice-President under McKinley

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TR and the Rough Riders
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Outside of Politics

• Married his college sweetheart who died shortly
  after the birth of his first child.
• Became a conservationist making his home for
  several years in the Badlands of the Dakotas
  where he was a big hunter.
• Moved back east and married a childhood friend.
  They had 5 more children.

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TR the Cowboy
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The T. Roosevelt Kids
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• At age 42, Roosevelt becomes the 26th President
  of the United States and is sworn into office at
  about 315 p.m. at the Ansley Wilcox Mansion, 641
  Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, the youngest man ever
  to become President (John F. Kennedy was the
  youngest man ever elected to that office at the
  age of 43).

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The History Of The Teddy Bear
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• In 1902 President Theodore Roosevelt was on a
  hunting trip in Mississippi. As reported in the
  Washington Post, the presidential hunting party.
  trailed and lassoed a lean, black bear, then tied
  it to a tree. The president was summoned, but
  when he arrived on the scene he refused to shoot
  the tied and exhausted bear, considering it to be
  unsportsmanlike.
• The following day, November 16, Clifford
  Barryman, Washington Post editorial cartoonist,
  immortalized the incident as part of a front-page
  cartoon montage
• Written across the lower part of the cartoon were
  the words "Drawing the Line in Mississippi,"
  which coupled the hunting incident to a political
  dispute.

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• The cartoon drew immediate attention. In
  Brooklyn, NY, shopkeeper Morris Mitchom displayed
  2 toy bears in the window of his Stationary and
  novelty store. The bears had been made by his
  wife, Rose from plush stuffing and finished with
  black shoe button eyes. Mitchom recognized the
  immediate popularity of the new toy, requested
  and received permission from Roosevelt himself to
  call them
• "Teddy's Bears."

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Theodore RooseveltUS President 1901-1909

• FOREIGN POLICY

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• Roosevelt believed that nations, like
  individuals, should pursue the strenuous life and
  do their part to maintain peace and order, and he
  believed that civilized nations had a
  responsibility for stewardship of barbarous
  ones.

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(16) The Panama Canal

1. Built over the Isthmus of Panama to provide
2. The US wanted a trade and military passageway
   from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans.
3. Started in 1904, it took 10 years, 20,000 lives
   and 280 million to build.

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Connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
Ocean!!
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• C. US proposed a 99-year lease for the 6-mile
  strip of land across the isthmus for 10 million
  and 250,000 a year.
• D. The Colombian government- who controlled the
  area -refused to ratify the treaty- Roosevelt
  becomes angry.
• E. Panamanian leaders who wanted the canal built
  revolted against Colombian government. A Panama
  Revolution led by Philippe Bunau-Varilla broke
  out against Columbia

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• Theodore Roosevelt behind a big cannon stares
  down a small sombrerod Columbia. (1903).

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• ii. Roosevelt sent a navy ship to assist in the
  revolt- not to fight the Columbians, just to sit
  there and intimidate them while Panama fought for
  their independence! (Like the USS Maine- that
  exploded in Cuba remember?)
• iii. The Colombian government is kicked out of
  Panama.
• F. August 15, 1914 the SS Ancon completed the
  first passage through the Panama Canal.

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Roosevelt helps with the canal- and shovels dirt
on Columbia
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• The water level changed across the isthmus of
  Panama

There is a series of locks (bathtubs) that
allow ships to move from higher to lower water
level without a waterfall.
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(9) The Roosevelt Corollary

• Passed in 1904- it was an addition to the
• Monroe Doctrine- we (the US) will protect
• The entire Western Hemisphere and
• especially the Caribbean
• B. Issued to intercept
• European nations from
• using force to collect on
• loans given to the
• Dominican Republic.

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• (22) Big Stick Policy Speak softly and carry a
  big stick you will go far.
• i. US pledged to use armed forces to prevent any
  European country from seizing Dominican
  territory.
• ii. US took over all debts of the Dominican.
• iii. US troops were stationed in Dominican from
  1916-1924.

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The Big Stick Policy
Teddy Roosevelt was accused of extreme
patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign
policy called JINGOISM. It is also the gunboat
diplomacy It is also a Roosevelt Corollary,
addition to the Monroe Doctrine issue.
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( 3) Platt Amendment (1901)

• The Government of Cuba shall never enter into any
  treaty with any foreign power
• Because the US is the Protectorate of the Western
  Hemisphere, especially the Caribbean

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(20) Gentlemens Agreement- The Russo- Japanese
War

• TR attempted to resolve the Russo-Japanese War of
  1904-05 by using arbitration.
• This was to keep a balance of power in East Asia
  and to protect the US power in the Pacific (ex.
  Philippines).

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Japan fights against Russia with support of UK
and observed by US

• Military conflict in which a victorious Japan
  forced Russia to abandon its expansionist policy
  in the Far East, this helped keep a BALANCE of
  POWER in the Eastern Hemisphere this was good
  for everyone

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Let Us Have Peace

• An American cartoon (Let Us Have Peace) hailing
  the peacemaking efforts of President Theodore
  Roosevelt, who mediated an end to the
  Russo-Japanese War, 1905.

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• (Gentlemens Agreement Cont)
• Issued in 1907- restricted Japanese immigration
  to the US, because of the rising anti-Japanese
  sentiment in California.
• Japan accepted the US position in the
  Philippines.
• The US recognized Japans control of Korea.

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T.R between Russia and Japan
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Nobel Peace Prize in 1906

• Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in
  1906 for his work in the negotiations that led to
  the Treaty of Portsmouth ending the
  Russo-Japanese War in 1905. This made him the
  first American to win a Nobel Prize in any of the
  categories.

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(19) Open Door Policy (1904)- The Japanese and
U.S. governments pledged to maintain a policy of
equality in Manchuria/China. Ending the Boxer
Rebellion

• In 1902, the United States government protested
  that Russian encroachment in Manchuria after the
  boxer rebellion was a violation of the Open Door
  Policy. When Japan replaced Russia in southern
  Manchuria after the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)

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(18) The Great White Fleet

• as it came to be called, was
• Roosevelts plan to show the world our
• Naval Power.
• A 14 month long voyage from Dec16,1907
• to Feb22,1909 and was a grand pageant
• of American sea power.
• There were14,000 sailors.
• They covered some 43,000 miles made
• twenty port calls on six continents.

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The route of the Great White Fleet