Kingdom Protista An introduction to eukaryotic cells, and multicellularity.

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Kingdom ProtistaAn introduction to eukaryotic
cells, and multicellularity.

• Introduction to Zoology
• Laboratory 2
• Biology 6

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• Know the parts, care, and use of the microscope.
  You will check out a microscope in lab. Look at
  Ch. 3 in your lab book.

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What is a protist?

• Member of Kingdom Protista.
• The first eukaryotic cells.
• Single-celled, multi-cellular, or in colonies.
• Some basic features
• They are autotrophic, heterotrophic, or both.
• Cytoplasmic-level organization.
• Found in every environment on earth where water
  is found.
• They exhibit sexual or asexual reproduction.

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Protist Classification

• Kingdom Protista
• Phylum Amoebozoa
• Phylum Euglenozoa
• Phylum Apicomplexa
• Phylum Ciliophora
• Phylum Dinoflagellata

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Phylum AmoebozoaThe amoebas.

• Amoeba is a group of organisms, all of which have
  pseudopodia.
• They use these false feet to capture prey.
• Some also cause sickness in humans.

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The Amoebas

• Take a look at these, and fill out the lab report
  on Amoebas.
• Amoeba proteus
• Entamoeba
• Foraminiferans
• Radiolarians

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Amoeba proteus
Video of pseudopodia.
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Entamoeba

• This causes amoebic dysentery in humans.
• Major cause of disease worldwide, due to
  untreated water.
• Figure 4.3 in your lab book.

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Foraminifera

• Shelled amoebas which squeeze their pseudopods
  out through small holes to capture prey.
• Major part of the limestone fossil record.
• P. 45 of your lab book.

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Radiolarians

• Secretes a transparent skeleton made of silica.
• They are plankton that float on water.

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Phylum Euglenozoa

• Two groups of euglenas to look at
• Euglena
• Tryapanosoma
• Notes
• Euglena have a flagella.
• Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
• Found in ocean (marine), freshwater, and moist
  soil.
• Some cause disease in humans.

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Euglena

• These are photosynthetic, but they can become
  heterotrophic when needed.
• Light sensitive eyespot.

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Trypanosoma
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African Sleeping Sickness
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Chagas Disease
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Phylum Ciliophora

• Very large and diverse group.
• Paramecium
• Stentor
• Vorticella
• All ciliophores use cilia as main form of
  locomotion.
• P. 105 in your lab book.
• This is paramecium on the right.

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Paramecium and Didinium
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Stentor
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Vorticella
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Phylum Dinoflagellata

• Among the most important marine primary
  producers.
• P. 108 and 109 in your lab book.
• Some cause red tides under certain conditions.
• Symbiosis with coral.
• Zooxanthellae
• Pfeisteria (bottom right) causes skin lesions on
  fish.
• Just recently discovered.

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Symbiosis with coral
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Pefiesteria in fish.
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More Dinoflaggelates.
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Red Tides
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Phylum Apicomplexa

• Most are parasites.
• The most famous is Plasmodium, which causes
  malaria.
• This parasite lives within the red blood cells.
• Over 300 million people worldwide are affected.

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This is the life cycle of malaria.Plasmodium sp.
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Plant-like Protists

• This is Volvox.
• It lives in colonies, and produces daughter
  colonies.
• As seen at the top right.

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The endosymbiotic theory of eukaryotic cell
evolution?

• The idea that some cells engulfed other cells,
  and didnt digest them.
• They became symbiotic with one another..
• One cell living within another.
• The formation of mitochondria and chloroplasts is
  a good example.
• Pay close attention in lecture.