Bacterial ShapesArrangements

1
Bacterial Shapes/Arrangements

• A single sphere shaped bacteria
• Bacteria that for a string of spheres
• A single rod shaped bacteria
• A single spiral bacteria
• A group of 8 sphere shaped bacteria in a cube

• Coccus
• Streptococcus
• Bacillus
• Spirillum
• Sarcina

2
Introduction

• Parts of Cell Theory

• Measurements

• every organism is made up of cells
• cells are the functional units of multicellular
  organisms
• 3. all cells come from preexisting cells
• 4. the smallest living organism is made up
  of only one cell

• Arrange from large to small micrometer,
  centimeter, meter, millimeter, nanometer.
• Meter
• Centimeter
• Millimeter
• Micrometer
• Nanometer

3
Introductory Terms

• Prokaryotic
• Eukaryotic
• Nucleus
• Nucleiod
• Magnification
• Resolution

• Nucleus no membrane
• Nucleus has a membrane
• Membrane bound control center of cell
• Nuclear area no membrane
• Apparent increase in size
• Ability to see clearly

4
Types of Relationships

• Mutualism
• Commensalism
• Parasitism
• Symbiosis
• Lichens
• Mycorrhizae

• Both organisms benefit
• 1 benefits 1 not affected
• 1 does harm to the other
• Close relationship
• Algae and Fungi
• Fungi and plant roots

5
Our Microscopes

• Magnification of Red Scanning
• Magnification of Yellow Low
• Magnification of Blue High
• Magnification of Eyepiece
• Total Magnification Scanning
• Total Magnification Low
• Total Magnification High

• 4X
• 10X
• 40X
• 10X
• 40X
• 100X
• 400X

6
Protista

• Plant like
• Animal like
• Fungi like
• Amoeba
• Euglena
• Paramecium
• Diatoms

• Algae
• Protozoa
• Slime molds
• Moves by Pseudopods
• Hetero and auto trophic
• Move by cilia
• Algae with glass shells used in toothpaste

7
More Protista

• Cilia
• Flagella
• Pseudopods
• Dinoflagellate
• Pyrrophyta
• Bioluminescent

• Short hairs for locomotion
• Long hairs for locomotion
• Flowing cytoplasm for moving
• Two flagella
• Fire algae
• Glows in the dark

8
Fungi Terms

• Rhizoid
• Hyphae
• Mycelium
• Septa
• Mold

• Root like structures
• Slender tube like filaments
• Masses of Hyphae
• Porous cross wall of fungi
• Any fungus in its asexual stage

9
Scientists

• Biologist
• Microbiologist
• Mycologist
• Virologist
• Linnaeus
• Hooke
• Leeuwenhoek
• Fleming
• Jenner
• Morphologist

• Studies living things
• Studies microscopic life
• Studies fungi
• Studies viruses
• Classification system
• Named cells
• First to see living microbes
• Discovered penicillin
• Small pox vaccination
• Study of forms and shapes

10
Fungal Reproduction

• Asexual
• Fragmentation
• Budding
• Spores
• Fission
• Sexual
• Conjugation

• 1 parent no exchange of Dna
• Piece breaks off
• Small portion pinches off
• Small cells with little cytoplasm
• Simple cell division
• 2 parents exchange of Dna
• Exchange of cell contents

11
Obtaining Nutrients

• Ingestion
• Absorption
• Photosynthesis
• Chemosynthesis
• Autotrophic
• Heterotrophic
• Saprophytic

• Eat it
• Take it in through membrane
• Make it using light energy
• Make it using chemical energy
• Makes its own food
• Depends on others for food
• Lives off of dead material

12
Bacteria Terms

• Pili
• Plasmid
• Monera
• facultative anaerobes
• obligate anaerobes
• obligate aerobes

• Structure for attachment
• Circular segment of DNA
• Kingdom for bacteria
• May live with or without O2
• May not have O2 present
• Must have O2 present

13
Bacterial Exchange of Dna

• Transduction
• Transformation
• Conjugation
• Binary fission

• Dna is carried by a virus (some)
• Dna is taken from environment (some)
• Dna is transported by pili (some)
• Simple cell division (all)

14
Bacteriological Technique

• Hanging drop slide
• Gram staining
• Inoculation
• Incubation
• Inoculum
• Plate
• Slant
• Colony

• Test for motility
• purple - pink
• Adding bacteria to media
• Grow at ideal temp.
• Material being transferred
• Petri dish and media
• Test tube with solid media
• Visible speck of growth

15
More Terms

• Agar
• Pure
• Sterile
• Disinfectant
• Culture
• Lytic cycle
• Lysogenic cycle

• Solidifying agent
• Only 1 type of growth
• No growth at all
• Prevents growth
• Media bacteria
• Virus takes immediate control
• Virus is incorporated in hosts Dna

16
Criteria for Classification

• of cells
• Mode of nutrition
• Cell type Eukaryotic/Prokaryotic

17
Disease Terms

• Droplets
• Exotoxins
• Endotoxins
• Carrier
• Pathogenic
• Opportunistic
• Vaccination
• Pathogenic

• tiny particles of mucus expelled from the mouth
• toxins released from the bacteria with its wastes
• toxins retained in cell until it dies
• person with no signs of a disease but transmits
  it
• term meaning disease causing
• virus or a bacterium that is only effective after
  the body is weakened
• Injection of weak or dead virus
• Causes a disease