Chemistry of Cells

1
Chemistry of Cells

• Agriculture Biology
• Mr. Bushman

2
Property of Atoms

• Matter
• Anything that has mass or volume
• Atom
• Smallest particle that can exist and still be
  recognized as a certain kind of matter

3
Property of Atoms

• Element
• Matter that is made of only ONE kind of atom

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Major Elements found in Plants

• Macro elements
• There are 16 essential elements needed for normal
  plant growth
• These are needed in different amounts by the plant

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Major Elements found in Plants

• Carbon C
• Hydrogen H
• Oxygen O
• Nitrogen N
• Phosphorus - P

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Minor Elements found in Plants

• Potassium K
• Calcium C
• Magnesium Mg
• Sulfur S

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Minor Elements found in Plants

• Boron B
• Copper Cu
• Chlorine Cl
• Iron I
• Manganese Mn
• Molybdenum Mo
• Zinc Zn

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Major Elements found in Animals

• Calcium Ca
• Phosphorus P
• Sodium Na
• Chlorine Cl
• Potassium K

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Major Elements found in Animals

• Fluorine F
• Manganese Mn
• Molybdenum Mo
• Selenium Se
• Zinc - Zn

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Major Elements found in Animals

• Sulfur S
• Iron I
• Iodine Fe
• Cobalt Co
• Copper Cu

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Compounds

• Compounds
• Matter that is made of more then one kind of
  element
• Organic Compounds
• Compounds that contain the element carbon

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Compounds

• Carbohydrates
• Organic compounds that the living things use to
  get their energy

• Lipids
• Organic compounds used by organisms to get energy
  when carbohydrates are not available.
• Ex. Fats, oils, and waxes

13
Compounds

• Protein
• Organic compounds used for building body parts

• Nucleic Acids
• Proteins and CH20 can be used to form nucleic
  acids.
• Nucleic acids control all activities in the cell

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Compounds

• There are two types of Nucleic Acids
• DNA
• RNA

• Enzymes
• Special kinds of protein that control chemical
  reactions in living things

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Proteins

• Cell Structure
• Cell membrane contains protein molecules

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Proteins

• Cell Structure
• Protein molecules help substances move into and
  out of the cell

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Function of Proteins

• Produced on ribosomes

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Functions of Protein

• Used to build body parts and cell membranes
• Used in formation of nucleic acids
• DNA
• RNA

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H20 what is it good for?

• The importance of WATER!
• Living things are made of many atoms organized
  into compounds.

• Approximately 70 of body mass is made up of
  water.

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H20 what is it good for?

• Water acts as a transport system for nutrients
  and wastes

• Compounds that dissolve in water form solutions
• Dissolves nutrients are trasported along with the
  water to where they are used.

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Properties of Water

• Cohesion
• The polarity of water molecules cause them to
  cling to one another.
• The positive end attracts to the negative end of
  another molecule.
• Ex. Water comes out of the tap in a stream not a
  spray

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Properties of Water

• Adhesion
• Water molecules that are attracted to another
  surface
• Ex. Water attached to you after you get out of
  the swimming pool

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Water in Agriculture

• Water is a universal solvent
• Nearly every substance will YIELD to the presence
  of water
• Ex. Rust, decompose, dissolve

• Water is clear, colorless, tasteless and odorless

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Water in Agriculture

• Water is a major component of life.
• Plants contain 70-80 water
• Animal contain 75 or more

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Water in Agriculture

• Water is a transport medium
• H20 transports nearly all nutrients to plants and
  animals
• It reacts with chemical components to help break
  down nutrients or food into usable products

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Water in Agriculture

• Water as a regulatory agent
• Provides rigidity to cells allowing maintenance
  and shape due to osmosis
• Regulates body temperature in animals through
  perspiration and evaporation

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Water in Agriculture

• Water as a regulatory agent
• Tugor pressure of plant cells regulated through
  transpiration and evaporation
• Limiting factor of both plant and animal
  production

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Water in Agriculture

• Conservation and water quality
• Save clean water
• Dispose of household products
• Care for farmland, lawns, and garden carefully
• Practice sensible pest control

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Water in Agriculture

• Conservation and water quality
• Control water runoff from fields, feed lots,
  lawns and gardens
• Control soil erosion
• Avoid spillage or dumping of chemicals into water
  systems
• Proper maintenance of septic tanks