Bio-Chemistry

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Bio-Chemistry

• Biology 1

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Carbon is found in all living things.

• 4 electrons in its outer energy level
• Carbon has the ability to bond with many
  different elements.

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• When carbon bonds to each other, they can bond in
  the following ways
• Rings
• Straight chains
• Branched chains

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Organic Compounds

• Organic Compounds that contain carbon
• 1. Carbohydrates
• 2. Lipids
• 3. Proteins
• 4. Nucleic Acids

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Organic Compounds

• Carbohydrates
• Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen C H -
  O
• 121 ratio
• Used for energy for the body
• Examples
• Monosaccharide
• Disaccharide
• Polysaccharide

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• Monosaccharide
• Simple carbohydrate
• Single sugar
• Glucose
• Fructose

Glucose
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• Disaccharide
• Double sugar formed by the combination of two
  simple sugars
• Sucrose glucose fructose
• Formed by condensation synthesis

Sucrose
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• Polysaccharide
• Large molecule formed when many monosaccharides
  link together
• 1. Starch
• Made from plants
• Puts glucose in a chain
• 2. Glycogen
• Found in livers as stored food
• Puts glucose in a branched chain
• 3. Cellulose
• Found in cell walls of plant cells
• Puts glucose in a chain linked fence form

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Organic Compounds (cont)

• Lipids C - H - O
• Used for food storage, insulation and protection
• Lipids are insoluble because their molecules are
  non-polar
• Examples Oils, fats waxes and steroids
• Unsaturated lipids
• Contain double bonds between the carbon atoms
• Saturated lipids
• Contain all single bonds between the carbon atoms

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Organic Compounds (cont)

• Proteins C - H O - N
• Essential for life
• Provide Structure for tissues and organs
• Make enzymes
• A protein that changes the rate of chemical
  reactions
• Amino Acids are building blocks for proteins
• Amino Acids are linked together by forming a
  peptide bond
• Number and order of amino acids determines the
  proteins

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Organic Compounds (cont)

• Nucleic Acids C-H-O-N-P
• Stores genetic information in the form of a code
• Examples DNA RNA
• Made of units called nucleotides
• Phosphate Group
• Ribose Sugar
• Nitrogen Base

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STUDY!!!

• You have a quiz!

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Bio-Chemistry Quiz

• What are the 3 different types of Carbohydrates?
• Give me an example of where you can find lipids?
• Enzymes __________ chemical reactions.
• (Speed up/Slow down)
• _________ are made up of chains of Amino Acids.
• Nucleic Acids store information in the form of
  ____.
• EC What are the 4 organic compounds that contain
  carbon?