Territorial and Economic Expansion

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Territorial and Economic Expansion

• 1830-1860

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Territorial and Economic Expansion

• Conflict in Texas and Maine
• The revolt in Texas led to an application by Sam
  Houston for the new republic to be annexed into
  the United States
• Northern worries over slave balance led to delay
  and denial
• In Maine the Aroostook War between loggers in
  Maine and Canada over the border was settled by
  treaty in 1842. This also settled the Minnesota
  border.

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The Oregon Border Dispute 5440 or FIGHT

• The Oregon Border
• 4 Nations claimed Oregon Britain, Spain, Russia
  and the U.S.
• Spain dropped this claim in the Adams-Onis Treaty
  of 1819
• Manifest Destiny had swept the land and Americans
  thought it divine right to hold the territory
• This was settled when the U.S. and Britain agreed
  to split the territory in half, at the 49th
  parallel.
• The U.S. was also entering a war with Mexico at
  the time and did not want to divide its attention

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The War with Mexico

• The border dispute with Mexico erupted into war
  in 1846
• President Polk offered to purchase California and
  set the border at the Rio Grande. Mexico
  rejected the offer and countered with the Nueces
  River, further North.
• Polk sent General Zachary Taylor to patrol the
  border near the Rio Grande
• A Mexican Army crossed and captured an American
  patrol killing 11.
• The War was a one-sided American victory with
  General Winfield Scott capturing Mexico City in
  1847

• Consequences of the Mexican War
• Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
• Rio Grande as Southern Border
• California and New Mexico territories transfer to
  U.S. for 15 Million and assumption of American
  claims against Mexico
• Wilmot Proviso
• An amendment to abolish slavery in the newly
  acquired territory
• Prelude to Civil War?
• Wilmot was seen as raising the stakes for the
  slavery issue and sparking sectional tension anew

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Southern Expansion and Manifest Destiny

• Ostend Manifesto
• Franklin Pierce dispatched diplomats to Ostend,
  Belgium to secretly negotiate the purchase of
  Cuba from Spain after several attempts had failed
• The deal was leaked to the press and antislavery
  members loudly rejected the idea.
• Gadsden Purchase
• The Southern sections of New Mexico and Arizona
  were purchased from Mexico to facilitate a
  Western railroad

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Economic Expansion 1830-1860

• Industrial Technology
• Industrial expansion spread to the entire
  Northeast to produce shoes, sewing machines,
  clothing, firearms
• Samuel Morse developed the telegraph successfully
  in 1844
• Railroads
• The NE and Midwest saw rapid expansion of the
  rails
• 1850 saw the first land grant to the rails for
  building
• Panic of 1857
• The panic of 1857 sent prices for Midwestern
  farmers and Northerners plummeting
• Southern Cotton remained high and led the
  Southerners to believe that they didnt need
  union with the North

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