Westward Expansion 1801-1861

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Westward Expansion1801-1861

• America establishes its boundaries

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Big Ideas

• Between 1801 and 1861, exploration was encouraged
  as America underwent vast territorial expansion
  and settlement.
• Westward migration (Manifest Destiny) was
  influenced by geography and economic opportunity.
  
• Prior to the Civil War, most industrialization in
  America was in the North however, the equipment
  produced in the North had an impact on the
  farming society in the South.
• The abolitionists worked to end slavery.
• The suffrage movement helped women gain equal
  rights.

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Post-Revolutionary America
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The Louisiana Purchase

• New territories added to the United States after
  1801
• Louisiana Purchase
• Jefferson bought land from France (the Louisiana
  Purchase), which doubled the size of the United
  States.
• In the Lewis and Clark expedition, Meriwether
  Lewis and William Clark explored the Louisiana
  Purchase from the Mississippi River to the
  Pacific Ocean.

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Lousiana Purchase
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Other Territories

• Florida (1819)
• Spain gave Florida to the United States through a
  treaty.
• Texas (1836 Independence 1845 US State)
• Texas was added after it became an independent
  republic.
• Oregon (1846)
• The Oregon Territory was divided by the United
  States and Great Britain.
• California (1848 from Mexican-American War)
• War with Mexico resulted in California and the
  southwest territory becoming part of the United
  States.

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Florida, Texas, Oregon, California
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Factors affecting westward expansion

• Geographic and economic factors that influenced
  westward movement
• Population growth in the eastern states
  (Overpopulation in East)
• Availability of cheap, fertile land
• Economic opportunity, e.g., gold (California Gold
  Rush), logging, farming, freedom (for runaway
  slaves)
• Cheaper and faster transportation, e.g., rivers
  and canals (Erie Canal), steamboats, railroads
  (1830s and beyond)
• Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa
  Fe)
• Belief in the right of Manifest DestinyThe
  idea that expansion was for the good of the
  country and was the right of the country

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Important Inventions

• The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney. It
  increased the production of cotton and thus
  increased the need for slave labor to cultivate
  and pick the cotton.
• Effect on Slavery???

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Important Inventions

• Jo Anderson (a slave) and Cyrus McCormick worked
  to invent the reaper. The reaper increased the
  productivity of the American farmer.

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Famous Inventions

• The steamboat was improved by Robert Fulton. It
  eventually provided faster river transportation
  that connected Southern plantations and farms to
  Northern industries and Western territories.
• The steam locomotive provided faster land
  transportation.

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Beliefs about Civil Rights

• Abolitionist movement
• Most abolitionists demanded immediate freeing of
  the slaves.
• Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong.
• Morally wrong
• Cruel and inhumane
• A violation of the principles of democracy
• Abolitionist leaders included both men and women.
• Harriet Tubman Conductor of Underground Railroad
• William Lloyd Garrison Created Abolitionist
  newspaper (Liberator)
• Frederick Douglass Author, activist, Outspoken
  abolitionist

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Harriet Tubman

• Supported the secret route, or Underground
  Railroad, that helped escaped southern slaves to
  reach northern free states.

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Frederick Douglass

• Former Slave
• Escaped slavery and became an abolitionist.

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William Lloyd Garrison

• Abolitionist leader
• Believed that slavery was immoral and demanded
  that slaves be immediately freed

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Beliefs about civil rights

• Suffrage movement
• Supporters declared that All men and women are
  created equal.
• Supporters believed that women were deprived of
  basic rights.
• Denied the right to vote
• Denied educational opportunities, especially
  higher education
• Denied equal opportunities in business
• Limited in rights to own property
• The movement was led by strong women who began
  their campaign before the Civil War and continued
  after the war had ended.
• Isabel Sojourner Truth
• Susan B. Anthony
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton

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Isabel Sojourner Truth

• Suffragist and Abolitionist
• Was born a slave and worked for equal rights for
  women as well as for the end of slavery

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Susan B. Anthony

• Supporter of the suffrage movement
• Declared that women and men are entitled to the
  same rights in all areas of life, including the
  right to vote and own property

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton

• Leader of the Suffrage Movement
• Worked closely with Susan B. Anthony
• Wrote The Seneca Falls Declaration

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Homework Questions

• 1). What new territories became part of the
  United States between 1801 and 1861?
• 2). What factors influenced westward migration?
• 3). How did the inventions affect the lives of
  Americans?
• 4). What were the main ideas expressed by the
  abolitionists?
• 5). What were the main ideas expressed during the
  suffrage movement?
• 6). Explain what the Underground Railroad was.
• 7). In chronological order, list the first 7
  Presidents.
• (Weve studied all of them but one)