Behavioural measures of animal welfare (2) ?????????(2)

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Behavioural measures of animal welfare
(2)?????????(2)

• Module 7
• ??7

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This module will enable you to????????

• Recognise and interpret behavioural indicators of
  animal welfare?????????????,????????
• Identify possible causes of abnormal
  behaviour??????????????????

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Introduction??

• Module 6
• How behavioural indicators are used in research,
  to identify how animals feel about changes and
  choices within their environment
• ?????????????????????,????????????????????
• Todays session
• How you can use an animals behaviour to learn
  about the animals welfare
• ??????????????????????????

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Behavioural indicators - the normal
animal???????

• Alertness ??
• Curiosity ??
• Range of activities ?????
• Interaction with other members of the herd/flock
  ?????????
• Interaction with humans/Aversion to humans
  ??????/????
• Play ??

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The normal animal Alertness??????
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The normal animal Curiosity??????
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The normal animal Range of activities?????????
???
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The normal animal Interaction with other
members of group/herd/flock???????/??????
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The normal animal Interaction with
humans??????????
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The normal animal Play??????
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The normal animal Influence of species, age,
breed and sex???????????????????????
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The experienced stockperson?????????
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Behavioural indicators of poor welfare???????????

• Limited range of activity???????
• Panting and/or sweating ???/???
• Huddling or shivering ???????
• Depression ??
• Abnormal fear or aggression towards humans
  ???????????
• Stereotypies and other behavioural abnormalities
  ????????????

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1a) Limited range of activity 1a)???????

• May affect individuals or a whole group, and
  includes ??????????,??
• Restricted space in intensive farming systems or
  laboratory housing ????????????????
• Close tethering ?????
• Lameness ??
• Increased lying time (due to lameness, disease,
  obesity or weakness) ???????(??????????????)

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1b) Limited range of activity due to confined
housing1b) ??????????????
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1c) Limited range of activity due to close
tethering 1c ) ?????????????
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1d) Limited range of activity due to lameness
1d)????????????

• Lame animals suffer as ??????,??
• They are in pain ?
• They do not interact normally with other herd
  members ????????????
• They are often thin because they cannot move
  easily to feed ??????????
• They may suffer urine scalding or develop sores
  from lying down for long periods
  ?????????????,???????????

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1e) Increased lying time due to weakness,
disease, obesity 1e)???,??,?????????

• Weakness??
• Chronic starvation????
• Rapid muscle growth in broilers and
  turkeys????????????
• Many diseases cause exhaustion or collapse, if
  they are not treated????????????
• Obesity is an important issue among pet
  animals??????????

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2. Panting and/or sweating2???????

• Heat stress???
• Fever??
• Overcrowding??
• Fear??
• Identify the cause???????
• ambient temperature????????
• stocking density?????
• signs of disease??????

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3. Huddling or shivering 3. ??????

• Cold ?
• Does not usually affect most animals except in
  extreme environments ????,??????????
• Often affects very young animals ?????????
• More likely where animals are wet and chilled by
  wind ???????????????????
• More likely if young animals have not been
  fed???????????????
• Fear ??

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4. Depression 4. ??
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5. Abnormal fear or aggression towards humans
5.????????????

• Normal depends upon species, breed and previous
  contact with humans ???????(1)?? (2)??
  (3)???????????
• Animals learn from experience abnormal fear or
  aggression may indicate previous
  cruelty??????????????????????????

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5. Abnormal fear or aggression towards humans
Cows 5.??????????????

• Dairy cows who are frequently handled should not
  be afraid of people ?????????????

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5. Abnormal fear or aggression towards humans
Pigs 5.?????????????

• Negative interactions for 15 - 30 seconds daily
  cause pigs to be less willing to approach
  stationary humans ???15-30???????????,????????????
  
• Positive interactions cause pigs to be more
  willing to approach stationary humans?????????????
  ??????

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Time to interaction with stockperson?????????
(Gonyou et al., 1986)
Time to interact (s)??????
0
50
100
150
After negative interaction??????
After no interaction????
After positive interaction?????
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6. Stereotypies and other behavioural
abnormalities 6.??????????????(Mason Rushen
2006)
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Conclusions/Summary??/??

• The behaviour of animals can tell us a great deal
  about their welfare?????????????????????????
• If animal behaviour indicates poor welfare, we
  need to investigate its causes and then identify
  potential solutions?????????????,????????,????????
  ??

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Further Reading????

• GONYOU HW, HEMSWORTH PH, BARNETT JL 1986. Effects
  of frequent interactions with humans on growing
  pigs. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci 16 269-278
• MASON G RUSHEN J (Eds). 2006 Stereotypic Animal
  Behaviour, 2nd edition Fundamentals and
  Applications to Welfare. CABI, Wallingford, UK
• WEBSTER J 1994 Animal Welfare A Cool Eye Towards
  Eden. Blackwell Science, Oxford