Animal Welfare, Ethics in Animal Use

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Animal Welfare, Ethics in Animal Use Animal
Rights

• Aida L T Rompis

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Background of Animal Welfare

• Keberhasilan manusia domestikasi hewan liar
  seperti kuda, sapi, domba, kambing, kucing,
  anjing, burung, dll.
• Masyarakat di Lembah Indus percaya bahwa mereka
  akan menjelma menjadi hewan setelah mati,
  karenanya hewan hidup harus dihargai dan
  diperlakukan dgn baik sebagaimana mereka
  memperlakukan sesama manusia
• Nabi Ibrahim memerintahkan pengikutnya untuk
  mentaati peraturan pemotongan hewan berdasarkan
  pertimbangan agar hewan mati segera dan darah
  harus ke luar untuk memastikan faktor higienis
  pemotongan dan konsumsi daging hewan (dilarang
  mengkonsumsi darah karena darah mengandung banyak
  sumber penyakit

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The philosophy behind animal welfare ethics
.pain
INVERTEBRATA INVERTEBRATA INVERTEBRATA VERTEBRATA VERTEBRATA VERTEBRATA VERTEBRATA
Earth-worms Insects Cepha-lopods Fish Reptiles Birds Mammals
Nociceptors present ? - ? - / ? - / ?
Central Nervous System - -
Nociceptors connected to central nervous system - -
Endogenous opiods present ?
Responses modified by analgesics ? ? ? ? ?
Response to damaging Stimuli analogous to human - -
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THE FIVE FREEDOMS OF ANIMAL WELFARE

• Freedom from thirst, hunger and malnutrition
• Freedom from discomfort due to environment
• Freedom from pain, injury and disease
• Freedom from fear and distress
• Freedom to express its normal behaviour

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• Indicators for assessing welfare
• Injuries, health status, nutritional status,
  signs of thermal stress (shivering, sweating,
  panting)
• Physiological signs of stress (heart rate, level
  of stress hormone, immune system
• Changes in normal behavioural

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Animal Welfare Organizations

• Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
  (SPCA), 1824, Royal Society for the Prevention of
  Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA, 1840)
• Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876 (England)
• ASPCA (American Society for the Prevention of
  Cruelty to Animals (1866)
• Laboratory Animal Welfare Act (USA, 1966)
• Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care
  (1963, 1965, 1968, 1972, 1978)
• Animal Welfare Act (USA, 1976) (cattle, goats,
  sheep, not chickens)
• The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory
  Animals (1996), translated to Indonesian (2002)

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Ethics in Animal Use

• The ethical use of animals for scientific
  purposes and teaching
• All uses of animals in research and teaching have
  to be assesses and approved by a committee (ACUC)
• All uses of animals are subject to the basic
  philosophies of animal ethics, the 3Rs
  (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement)

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Animal Rights

• Ethical code of minority groups opposed to any
  use of animals (in research, teaching,
  consumption)
• Consists of reasonable to very active, vocal,
  violent groups
• Animal right have had influence towards
  improvement of animal welfare

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• Abolish all use of animlas/exploitation of
  animals (Tom Regan)
• Reject all discrimination based on spesies, race,
  sex (Peter Singer)
• Protest against organizations which continuous to
  support fox hunting, wild bird shooting, wild
  rabbit hunting
• Cruelty to animals in the modern world (factory
  farming, laboratory animals)

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• Animal welfare is about how animals cope with the
  situation they are in (Five freedom of animal
  welfare)
• Animal Ethics are rules and principles governing
  humane treatment of animals (The 3R)
• Animal Rights are set of belief of minority
  groups about how and why humans should/should not
  use animals for their own benefit
• Welfare and Ethics are intimately linked, whereas
  animal rights are opposed and different from
  welfare and ethics
• However, the animal rights movement has major
  contribution to the improvement in animal welfare

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• All living organisms are created by God
• Man has the highest intelligence of all organisms
• Man is the keeper and responsible for all that
  lives on earth
• So all living beings (all Gods creature) should
  be treated with respect

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• The greatness of a nation and its moral progress
  can be measured by the way its animal are
  treated
• Mahatma Gandhi