Animal Welfare Findings from:

1
Animal Welfare Findings from Global
Reconnaissance of Municipal Live Markets,
Slaughterhouses and Waste Systems in Developing
Countries World Bank Study (Japanese Trust
Funded) Conducted in EAP, SAR, AFR, LAC and
MENA Study by Consultants Nippon Koei Co
ProAnd Associates Australia World Bank Study
Manager Sandra Cointreau
2

• The World Bank Group
• IDA and IBRD lending to countries, IFC lending to
  companies, and IMF monetary support.
• Over 10,000 staff, over 100 regional offices.
• Lending portfolio over 30 BB /yr.
• IFC animal welfare note.
• Bank-wide environmental health safeguards
  guidelines include animal welfare.
• While animal welfare is included for impact
  minimization and mitigation, animal welfare is
  yet not targeted for project investment.

3
CURRENT CONTEXT

• The worlds human population is densifying. As
  of this year, there are more people in cities
  than in rural areas.
• Livestock populations are also densifyinginto
  intensive industrialized facilities.
• In developing countries, intensive livestock
  producers are locating near cities for the access
  to markets and infrastructure.
• Municipalities are being increasingly burdened
  by the need to provide livestock processing
  infrastructure to meet the growing local demand
  for meat.
• Most of developing country production is for
  local demand, and affordability limits the
  revenue base for livestock processing.

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Growth in Human and Animal Populations, and
available GNP income base
2000 -gt 2030

• High Income Countries (34,500/cap/yr)
• People 1.2 BB -gt 1.3 BB
• Cattle, Pigs, Sheep, Goats 4.0 BB -gt 5.2 BB
• Poultry 15.0 BB -gt 24.8 BB
• Low and Middle Income (583 and 2,833/cap/yr)
• People 4.9 BB -gt 7.1 BB
• Cattle, Pigs, Sheep, Goats 3.0 BB -gt 4.2 BB
• Poultry 11.0 BB -gt 19.2 BB

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• STUDY OBJECTIVES
• Gather data on livestock markets, municipal
  slaughter facilities (abattoirs), meat
  processing, and related systems of waste
  management.
• Examine the prevalence, handling, treatment,
  disposal, and recycling of wastes.
• Identify and report on the problems and needs of
  the facilities.
• Collect and examine available data on related
  bio-security and food safety issues.

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GENERAL FINDINGS (1)

• Municipal slaughterhouses are commonly old and
  operating significantly over their intended
  capacity.
• The private sector owns modern and sanitary
  facilities, but they operate only for high-end
  markets.
• The unregulated informal slaughter sector is
  extensive.
• Local incomes limit meat prices and this limits
  municipal cost recovery from slaughterers.
• Regulatory framework and enforcement is poor.
• Religious and cultural traditions have a
  significant impact on operations.
• Meat from freshly killed livestock is preferred,
  requiring night and early morning slaughtering
  conditions.

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GENERAL FINDINGS (2)

• Unsanitary working conditions and limited clean
  hot water.
• No orderly conveyance.
• Dark and slippery working conditions.
• Surface materials porous and hard to clean.
• Animal welfare is poor.
• Child labor is extensive and exacerbates animal
  suffering.
• Occupational health and safety is poor.
• Municipal management and capacity is poor.
• Veterinary inspection is inadequate.
• Most fifth quarter is recycled extensively,
  commonly by informal sector recyclers.
• Blood, stomach contents and excreta are
  discharged to waterways, or sent to municipal
  open dumps.

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SUMMARY OF ANIMAL WELFARE FINDINGS

• All fundamental pillars of good animal welfare
  (the five freedoms) were widely abused.
• Absence of any official animal welfare control
  mechanism.
• Lack of awareness of animal welfare standards
  or measures.
• Lack of awareness of need to improve animal
  welfare.

Freedom - Hunger and Thirst Freedom - Pain,
Injury and Disease Freedom - Physical and Thermal
Discomfort Freedom - Fear and Distress Freedom -
Abnormal Behaviour
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STUDY OBSERVATIONS IN NEXT SLIDES

• Transportation
• Live Markets
• Slaughterhouses
• Waste Disposal Sites

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• TRANSPORTATION (1)
• Unsuitable vehicles.
• Long journeys and poor road conditions.
• Overcrowding.
• Dehydration.
• Poor driving skills.

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• TRANSPORTATION (2)
• Unloading
• Unloading facilities are often poor
• Injuries to both animals and humans.
• Vehicular crowding.

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TRANSPORTATION (3)
Cramped conditions during transportation and
little water or shade available, if any.
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LIVESTOCK MARKETS (1)

• Crowded, noisey, dirty.
• Mixed species, mixed exposure to diseases.
• Unsold animals return home, creating disease
  exposure linkages.

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LIVESTOCK MARKETS (2)
Goats trussed at a market without shade or water
and amongst debris and garbage.
Assisting a weak animal to its feet .
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LIVESTOCK MARKETS (3)
Sticks used extensively by herders to keep the
animals under control, for cattle in particular,
resulting in pain, stress, and bruising.
Livestock trussed all day at market - poultry
often carried upside down to and from market.
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SLAUGHTERHOUSES (1)

• Poor delivery conditions.
• No sheltered place to wait or
• be refreshed with water or food.
• No orderly conveyance to slaughter.
• Animals toppled, beaten,
• and prodded.
• Pregnant animals accepted
• for slaughter.

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SLAUGHTERHOUSES (2)

• Slippery surfaces.
• Killing and other operations done on floor.
• Dark operating conditions inside.
• No separation of clean and dirty areas.

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SLAUGHTERHOUSES (3)

• Slaughter and processing areas overcrowded.
• Noisy, stressful operations.
• Children often present to assist.

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SLAUGHTERHOUSES (4)
Animals waiting amidst the slaughter
operations. Some left overnight for next day
slaughter.
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SLAUGHTERHOUSES (4)
Stunning generally not practiced (all species)
unsuitable techniques e.g. spinal section .
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WASTE DISPOSAL
Discharge of wastes to open channels and
municipal open dumps affects welfare of wildlife
and domestic animals.
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Recommendations

• Regulatory reform.
• Best practice guidelines.
• Stakeholder consultation and awareness.
• Slaughterer and veterinary capacity
  development.
• Investment in public live markets and
  slaughterhouses.
• Municipal management capacity development.
• Improve private sector investment climate.
• Interagency program of analytical work.
• Recognize that food safety, animal welfare,
  livestock disease control, and food security are
  public goods.
• Develop inter-governmental economic instruments
  to support municipal improvement.

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Ongoing at Bank

• Country projects to improve
• environmental sustainability at
• production facilities, improve live markets,
• improve slaughter waste discharges, control HPAI,
  and reduce livestock green house gas emissions.
• Developing a guidance document on reconstruction
  and refurbishment of live markets and
  slaughterhouses.
• Supporting the One World One Health concept.
• Developing an alliance for humane and
  sustainable livestock production and processing
  among our agency and NGO partners.
• Developing a partnership of private sector food
  retailers, associations and producers.

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A New Humane Humanity for the New Age.

• To obtain information on these studies, or
  discuss partnering, contact
• Sandra Cointreau,
• Waste Management Advisor,
• Urban Anchor of World Bank
• scointreau_at_worldbank.org
• mobile [phone]
• http//worldbank.org/solidwaste