The Rise of Totalitarianism (1920s-1930s)

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The Rise of Totalitarianism(1920s-1930s)

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What is Totalitarianism?

• Totalitarianism a system of government in which
  a leader (dictator) has complete control over his
  country and the lives of his people
• Key Traits of Totalitarianism
• Dictator strong leader with total power
• One party ruling party is the only legal
  political party
• Strict government control of all aspects of life
• business, religion, the arts, education, etc.
• use of propaganda, censorship, terror, and secret
  
• police to control people
• Individuals have very few freedoms
• No freedom of speech, religion, press, etc.

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Totalitarian Leaders

• Why did they come to power?
• People wanted strong leaders to get them out of
  the Great Depression
• Nationalismthey promised to make their countries
  big and powerful
• What did they want?
• Total control over country and people
• Strong military and economy
• More landthey were willing to go to war for it!

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Two Types of TotalitarianismFascism vs.
Communism

• Fascism
• Extreme nationalism the nation is more
  important than the individual
• Charismatic leader big personality, good public
  speaker, inspires people
• Different social classes rich, middle class,
  poor
• Anti-communism
• Communism
• No social classes or private property
• Global communism - calls for all nations to be
  united under communism
• Anti-religion
• Both
• Totalitarian dictatorship required absolute
  obedience to leader
• Anti-democracy
• Extreme militarism glorification of military

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Italy
Leader Benito Mussolini (1922-1943)
Government Fascist
Political Party Fascist Party
Policies/goals Extreme nationalism -Make Italy a powerful nation -Build Italian Empire Fix economy Restore order Support Catholic Church Anti-socialism Anti-communism
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Germany
Leader Adolf Hitler (1933-1945)
Government Fascist
Political Party Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers Party)
Policies/goals Extreme German nationalism Anti-Semitism (hatred of Jewish people) Anti-communism Fix economy -Create jobs with public projects Rebuild German military Create a powerful German Empire
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The Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.)
Leader Joseph Stalin (1929-1953)
Government Communist
Political Party Communist Party
Policies/goals Create the perfect communist state Spread communism throughout the world Government ownership of all property Strict government control of economy -industrialize / modernize using Five Year Plans -build factories, hospitals, schools, and railroads -government control of factories and mines -collectivized farmland (took peoples land and combined it into large government farms) -Imprisoned or executed anyone who opposed
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Japan
Leaders Emperor and Military Dictator -Emperor Hirohito was a figurehead (symbolic leader with no real power) -Hideki Tojo was the military dictator
Government Military dictatorship
Political Party None
Policies/goals Rid Japan of European and American influences Strengthen military Build a powerful Japanese Empire -gain raw materials for industry
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Fascist Aggression

• Totalitarian nations began invading other nations
  in efforts to add to their empires
• - Japan invaded Manchuria (Region of China)
• - Germany invaded Austria and
  Czechoslovakia
• - Italy invaded Ethiopia and Albania
• The League of Nations failed to stop them
• Democratic nations such as Great Britain, France,
  and the United States were alarmed by these
  actions but did little to stop them

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Special Thanks To

• Google Images
• Ben Bindewald