World War II: The Rise of Dictators

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World War II The Rise of Dictators

• World History B Seminar 7

• Warm Up
• Totalitarian state 2. Dictator
• 3. Appeasement

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Totalitarian State Government in which a one
party dictatorship regulates every aspect of
citizens lives.

• Dictator Ruler who has complete control over a
  government

Appeasement Policy of giving in to an
aggressors demands in order to keep the peace.
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After WWI
In the two decades following World War I, a wave
of economic and political crises swept the globe.
While many people spent the 1920s trying to cope
with the uncertainties of the postwar world, by
1929 they suddenly faced a much greater problem.
That year, the stock market in the United States
crashed. Because so many war-torn nations had
come to depend on financial help from America,
the stock markets collapse triggered a worldwide
economic depression that left millions around the
globe jobless and hungry. In response to the
turmoil, some nations turned to fascist
dictators, who promised order and stability. Not
content to merely rule a country, however, these
dictators soon looked to conquer other lands.
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The Great Depression
Worldwide Economic Depression
Long-Term Effects

• Nazis take control in Germany.
• Fascists come to power in other countries.
• Democracies try social welfare programs.
• Japan expands in East Asia.
• World War II breaks out.

Immediate Effects

• Millions become unemployed worldwide.
• Businesses go bankrupt.
• Governments take emergency measures to protect
  economies.
• Citizens lose faith in capitalism and democracy.
• Nations turn toward authoritarian leaders.

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Fascists Come to Power in ItalyTextbook page
757

• Italy in a deep financial depression after WWI
• Mussolini promised order and prosperity
• Introduced fascism
• Fascism characterized by dictatorship,
  centralized control of private enterprise,
  repression of opposition, and extreme nationalism
• Used Black Shirts to impose his rule.
• Invades Ethiopia
• Makes a pact with Hitler

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Compare Fascism and Communism page 760
Communism Similarities of Totalitarian Rule Fascism

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Compare Fascism and Communism page 760
Communism Similarities of Totalitarian Rule Fascism
antidemocratic hopes for international change enemies of fascism supported by urban and agricultural workers all businesses state owned
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Compare Fascism and Communism page 760
Communism Similarities of Totalitarian Rule Fascism
antidemocratic hopes for international change enemies of fascism supported by urban and agricultural workers all businesses state owned antidemocratic and nationalistic enemies of communists supported by business leaders, wealthy landowners and middle class all businesses individually owned but state controlled
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Compare Fascism and Communism page 760
Communism Similarities of Totalitarian Rule Fascism
antidemocratic hopes for international change enemies of fascism supported by urban and agricultural workers all businesses state owned single party dictatorship state control of the economy use of police spies and terror for control strict censorship and government monopoly of the media indoctrination of youth unquestioning obedience to a single leader antidemocratic and nationalistic enemies of communists supported by business leaders, wealthy landowners and middle class all businesses individually owned but state controlled
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Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany page 761

• Weimar Republic politically weak and unpopular
• Huge inflation
• Two revolutions against Weimar Republic. Once
  Hitler tried to seize power unsuccessfully. Went
  to jail.
• Huge inflation and Great Depression
• Hitler forms Nazi Party, promises reform, is
  elected as Chancellor in 1933
• Becomes dictator by 1934

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Hitlers Third Reich

• Totalitarian State Nazis controlled all.
• Huge public works programs
• Big business and labor under government control
• Built up military
• Set aside Versailles Treaty and moved military
  into the Rhineland
• Indoctrinated the youth
• Hitler despised Christianity and began to close
  churches
• Jews were persecuted as enemies of the state

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Hitlers Aggression to 1939page 773
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Events of World War II
Pacific
Europe
1936
March 1936 Hitler marches troops into the
Rhineland
1937
April 1937 Germany attacks Guernica, Spain
1938
March 1938 Germany invades Austria
September 1938 Germany invades the Sudetenland
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Events of World War II
Pacific
Europe
1939
March 1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia
Aug. 1939 Nonaggression pact between Germany and
the Soviet Union
Sept. 1939 Germany invades Poland World War II
begins
1940
May 1940 Evacuation of British forces at Dunkirk
1941
June 1940 France surrenders the Battle of
Britain begins
December 1941Japan attacks Pearl Harbor. US
declares war on Japan.
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Europe at WAR
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The Alliance System in 1942

• Allied Powers
• Great Britain
• France
• Russia
• United States

• Axis Powers
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
• Ottoman Empire

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WWII Begins

• World War II began in Europe with the German
  blitzkrieg, or lightning war, against Poland in
  September of 1939. By June of 1940, Germany had
  conquered most of western Europe. In June of
  1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union. On
  December 7, 1941, Germanys ally, Japan, launched
  a surprise attack on the United Statesan act
  that drew America into the war. Eventually, the
  Allies turned the tide of the conflict against
  Germany and Japan.
• In the Pacific, Allied forces won a major victory
  in the Battle of Midway and began to recapture
  territory from the Japanese. In Europe, the
  Soviet Union captured the German army that
  besieged Stalingrad in February of 1943. The
  Allies opened a western front in Europe by
  landing in Normandy in June of 1944, and the
  combined pressure on two fronts drove Germany to
  surrender in May of 1945. Two atomic bombs
  dropped on Japan in August forced the Japanese to
  surrender in September of 1945.

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The War in the Pacific

• Late 1930s Japan attacks China for oil
  resources and territory
• 1940 Japan conquers French Indochina and
  continues takeover of Pacific Islands.
• December, 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor.
• US enters the war.

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Events of World War II
Pacific
Europe
Dec. 1941 Japanese attack Pearl Harbor U.S.
declares war on Japan
1941
June 1941 Germany invades the Soviet Union
Apr. 1942 Allies surrender in Philippines
Bataan Death March begins
1942
Aug. 1942 Hitler orders attack on Stalingrad
May 1942 Allies turn back Japanese fleet in
Battle of the Coral Sea
June 1942 Allies defeat Japan in Battle of Midway
Nov. 1942 Allies land in North Africa
1943
Feb. 1943 Germans surrender at Stalingrad
Feb. 1943 Japanese abandon the island of
Guadalcanal
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Events of World War II
Pacific
Europe
1944
Oct. 1944 Allies defeat Japan in Battle of Leyte
June 1944 Allies invade Europe on D-Day
Mar. 1945 Allies capture Iwo Jima
Dec. 1944 Battle of the Bulge begins
1945
June 1945 Allies capture Okinawa
May 1945 Germany surrenders
Aug. 1945 Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
1946
Sep. 1945 Japan surrenders
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• Jewish Women and Children in Belsen Concentration
  CampDuring the advance of the 2nd Army, the huge
  concentration camp at Belsen was relieved. Some
  60,000 civilians, mostly suffering from typhus,
  typhoid, and dysentry were dying in their
  hundreds daily, despite the frantic efforts being
  made by medical services rushed to the camp. The
  camp was declared a neutral area before allies
  arrived, and the allied Military Government stood
  to reach the camp at the earliest possible
  moment, only to be faced by the most
  indescribable scenes--60,000 people starving and
  without water for over six days. The camp was
  littered with the dead and dying, and on closer
  investigation, it was discovered that the huts
  capable of housing about 30 people in many cases
  were holding as many as 500. It was impossible to
  estimate the number of dead among them. The
  others were too weak to remove the bodies, so
  they just had to remain.

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The Final Solution
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Hiroshima and Nagasaki