RHIC physics and AdS/CFT

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RHIC physics and AdS/CFT
Amos Yarom, Munich
together with S. Gubser and S. Pufu
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Overview

• The quark gluon plasma

?
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Overview

• The quark gluon plasma
• N4 SYM plasma

via AdS/CFT
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Overview

• The quark gluon plasma
• N4 SYM plasma

via AdS/CFT
?
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Overview

• The quark gluon plasma
• N4 SYM plasma via AdS/CFT
• Energy loss of a moving quark

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Overview

• The quark gluon plasma
• N4 SYM plasma via AdS/CFT
• Energy loss of a moving quark

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Overview

• The quark gluon plasma
• N4 SYM plasma via AdS/CFT
• Energy loss of a moving quark
• Summary

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The quark gluon plasma at RHIC
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Jet quenching
197
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Jet quenching
(Phenix, 2005)
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Friction coefficient for QCD plasma
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N4 SYM plasma via AdS/CFT
Vacuum
Empty AdS5
L4/?2
gYM2 N
? L3/2 G5
N2
J. Maldacena hep-th/9711200
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N4 SYM plasma via AdS/CFT
Thermal state
Empty AdS5
Vacuum
AdS5 BH
gYM2 N
L4/?2
? L3/2 G5
N2
Horizon radius
Temperature
E. Witten hep-th/9802150
J. Maldacena hep-th/9711200
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AdS Black holes
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Friction coefficient
(Gubser 2006, Holzhey, Karch, Kovtun, Kozcaz,
Yaffe, 2006, Teaney Cassalderrey-Solana, 2006)
0
?
Massive parton
Endpoints of an open string
J. Maldacena hep-th/9803002
z
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Friction coefficient
(Gubser 2006, Holzhey, Karch, Kovtun, Kozcaz,
Yaffe, 2006, Teaney Cassalderrey-Solana, 2006)
0
?
Massive parton
Endpoints of an open string
J. Maldacena hep-th/9803002
z
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Friction coefficient
(Gubser 2006, Holzhey, Karch, Kovtun, Kozcaz,
Yaffe, 2006, Teaney Cassalderrey-Solana, 2006)
0
z
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Friction coefficient
(Gubser 2006, Holzhey, Karch, Kovtun, Kozcaz,
Yaffe, 2006, Teaney Cassalderrey-Solana, 2006)
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Measurables which have been compared

• Friction coefficient
• Energy density
• Shear viscosity
• Jet quenching parameter

(Gubser 2006, Holzhey, Karch, Kovtun, Kozcaz,
Yaffe, 2006, Teaney Cassalderrey-Solana, 2006)
(Gubser, Klebanov, Peet, 1996)
(Policastro, Son, Starinets, 2001)
(Liu, Rajagopal, Wiedemann, 2006)
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Measuring jets
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Measuring jets
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Measuring di-jets
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Measuring di-jets
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Measuring di-jets
???
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Measuring di-jets
???-1
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Creation of sound waves
(Casalderrey-Solana, Shuryak, Teaney, 2004, 2006)
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Creation of sound waves
(Casalderrey-Solana, Shuryak, Teaney, 2004, 2006)
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Mach cones and di-jets
(Casalderrey-Solana, Shuryak, Teaney, 2004, 2006)
???-1
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Mach cones in N4 SYM
0
z
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The energy momentum tensor
Gmn(z,k)
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The energy momentum tensor
0
z
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The energy momentum tensor
Cylindrical symmetry
Gauge choice
Vector modes
Tensor modes
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The energy momentum tensor
Tensor modes
Vector modes
first order constraint
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The energy momentum tensor
Tensor modes
Vector modes
Scalar modes
first order constraint
3 first order constraints
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Energy density for v3/4
Over energy
Under energy
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v0.75
v0.58
v0.25
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Small momentum approximations
1-3v2 gt 0 (subsonic)
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Small momentum approximations
1-3v2 gt 0 (subsonic)
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Small momentum approximations
1-3v2 lt 0 (supersonic)
1-3v2 0
?
?
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Small momentum approximations
1-3v2 lt 0 (supersonic)
1-3v2 gt 0 (subsonic)
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Small momentum approximations
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Small momentum approximations
?s1/3
cs21/3
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Multi-scale analysis
Large distances linear hydrodynamic picture
valid
Intermediate distances nonlinear hydrodynamics
Short momenta Strong dissipative effects
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Energy density for v3/4
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0
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v0.75
v0.58
v0.25
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Large momentum approximations
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Large momentum approximations
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Large momentum approximations
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Large momentum approximations
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Large momentum approximations
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Wakes
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Mach cones, wakes and di-jets
(Casalderrey-Solana, Shuryak, Teaney, 2004, 2006)
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Mach cones, wakes and di-jets
(Casalderrey-Solana, Shuryak, Teaney, 2004, 2006)
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The Poynting vector
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The Poynting vector
(Gubser, Pufu, AY, 2007)
S?
S1
V0.25
V0.58
V0.75
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Small momentum asymptotics
(Gubser, Pufu, AY, 2007)
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Small momentum asymptotics
(Gubser, Pufu, AY, 2007)
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The poynting vector
(Gubser, Pufu, AY, 2007)
S1
S?
V0.25
V0.58
V0.75
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Energy analysis
(Friess, Gubser, Michalogiorgakis, Pufu, 2006
Gubser, Pufu, AY, 2007)
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Energy analysis
(Friess, Gubser, Michalogiorgakis, Pufu, 2006
Gubser, Pufu, AY, 2007)
?
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Energy analysis
(Friess, Gubser, Michalogiorgakis, Pufu, 2006,
Gubser, Pufu, AY, 2007)
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Energy analysis
(Friess, Gubser, Michalogiorgakis, Pufu, 2006,
Gubser, Pufu, AY, 2007)

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Universality
(Gubser, AY,2007)
0
z
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Universality
(Gubser, AY, 2007)
0
z
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Summary

• N4 SYM plasma exhibits a Mach cone and a wake at
  large distances, where the hydrodynamic
  approximation is valid.
• The laminar wake behind the quark is a universal
  feature of theories with string duals, and the
  ratio of energy carried by the wake to the drag
  force is 1v2.
• This wake is difficult to reconcile with current
  experimental data.