America Moves to the City

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America Moves to the City

• Immigrants and Other Decide to Urbanize

Chapter 25 Review
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Consequences of Urban Development

• Mass transit in cities
• different social groups no longer lived close
  together
• Inadequate water and sewer systems
• By the end of the 19c cities
• cities built better sewers and supplied purified
  water
• Death rate declined

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Consequences of Urban Development cont.

• Outbreaks of deadly diseases
• Crowded tenements
• Increasing segregation of social groups by income
• Poor treatment of water, sewage, and waste

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Tenedments
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Writing About the City

• How the Other Half Lives
• Jacob Riis portrayal of American Urban Slums
• The Shame of the Cities
• Lincoln Steffens muckraking novel concerning the
  poor living conditions in the cities

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Immigrant Origins

• Most of the immigrants came from southern and
  eastern Europe
• Russian Jews escaping religious persecution
• Italian peasants
• Greeks, Slovaks, and Poles
• Unemployed Europeans seeking factory jobs in U.S.
  cities

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Ellis Island
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Immigration Characteristics

• most immigrants were unskilled day laborers.
• immigrants tended to be Catholic, Eastern
  Orthodox, or Jewish.
• Chinese immigrants were excluded by law during
  most of these years

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Nativist sentiment against the New immigrants

• practiced different religions
• had different languages and cultures
• were willing to work for lower wages than were
  native born workers
• were not familiar with the United States
  political system

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Immigration Advocates

• Tammany Hall
• Political machine in New York, headed by Boss
  Tweed
• Help immigrants adjust to city life
• In return for votes and support
• poor urban immigrants biggest supporters

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Immigration Advocates

• Settlement Houses (Jane Addams Hull House)
• Located in poor working-class and immigrant
  neighborhoods
• Staffed by college-educated, middle-class men and
  women
• Taught English to immigrants
• Helped to educate immigrant children

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Jane Addams
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Immigration Issues

• The American educational system could not absorb
  the numbers of immigrant children
• Chinese Exclusion Law 1882
• Denied citizenship to Chinese in the U.S. and
  forbid further immigration of Chinese
• American Protective Association
• A Nativist group of the 1890s which opposed all
  immigration to the U.S

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Education

• Students were to go to school 12 to 16 weeks a
  year (ages 8-14)
• Reading, writing and math
• Focused on memorizing, strict punishment
• Kindergartens began to serve as a daycare

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White v. Black Education

• 1880 62 of white children attended elementary
  school

• 1880 34 of African American children attended
  elementary school
• Excluded from public education
• 1890 - 1 of black teenagers attend high school

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Education for Immigrants

• Encouraged to get an education
• Americanized in public schools
• Native languages repressed
• Adult school to learn English

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Booker T. Washington

• Born a slave
• Worked towards educating blacks
• Open Tuskegee Institute for black students
• Taught self trades so students could gain
  self-respect and economic security
• Avoided issue of social equality

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W.E.B. Du Bois

• Believed Washington was condemning the black race
• Harvard- 1st of mixed race to do so
• Co founded NAACP-National Association for the
  Advancement of Colored People in 1910

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DuBois

• Demanded complete equality for blacks
• Went to Africa in self-exile

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Talking Heads

• Create a talking head of W.E.B. Du Bois and
  Booker T. Washington displaying their different
  viewpoints in how African Americans in the south
  should be educated