The Start of the Civil War

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TheCivil War(1861-1865)
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Secession! SC? Dec. 20, 1860
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Fort Sumter April 12, 1861

• Confederate officials began seizing federal-mint
  branches, arsenals, and military posts.
• Fort Sumter was a Federal outpost in Charleston,
  SC.

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Fort Sumter April 12, 1861

• Confederate forces asked for its surrender.
• Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies.
• Confederate cannons began firing on April 12,
  1861. 
• Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later.
• The Civil War began.

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Rating the North South
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Slave/Free States Population, 1861
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Railroad Lines, 1860
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Resources North South
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Men Present for Duty in the Civil War
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The Union Confederacy in 1861
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The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
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Opposing Sides
Yankees (North) Pros and Cons Rebels (South) Pros and Cons

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Overview of Northern Advantages (pros)

• Larger population
• North 22 million
• South Only 9 million
• More ships-naval wars
• Larger, more efficient railroad system
• Lincoln - Very intelligent and dedicated
• More industry - 81 of nations factories
• Better banking system to raise for the war
• 75 of nations wealth

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Overview of Northern Advantages

• Wealth produced
• Factory production
• Iron/Coal production
• Wheat/Corn production

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Overview of Northern Disadvantages (cons)

• Fought on Southern lands
• Divided support for the war
• Many believed the South had good chance of winning

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Overview of Southern Advantages

• Fighting a defensive war
• Local support of all men
• familiarity with terrain
• Motivation seeking independence, unified support
• Short communication lines/ friendly population
• Experienced officer corps- (Lee, Jackson,
  Pickett)
• Cotton - necessary for textile factories of
  England and France
• Slave Labor in the early part of the war

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Overview of Southern Disadvantages

• Smaller population
• Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies
• Poor transportation system
• Weak federal government not strong enough to
  control Southern states
• Jefferson Davis did not have complete power like
  Lincoln

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Legal Tender Act

• Passed in Feb 1862 by US Congress
• Created a national currency
• Introduced paper money (greenbacks)
• More money available in emergency
• Decreased inflation, which helped money keep
  value.
• The South tried to issue paper money, but with no
  revenue, it was worthless.

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Democratic Division

• Lincoln had to deal with abolitionists, who
  wanted to end slavery but his main goal was to
  preserve the Union. Also, he had to contend with
  Democrats.
• War Democrats-strongly supported war to restore
  the Union/ pro-slavery
• Copperheads (Peace Democrats)- opposed war,
  wanted to use negotiation, anti-slavery, viewed
  as traitors (snakes)
• Two main disagreements- conscription and habeas
  corpus.

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Conscription in the North

• Forcing people through a military draft when
  needed. (north)
• Republicans (for it) and Northern Democrats
  (opposed it)
• Democratic states rioted over issue.

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Habeas Corpus (North)

• The writs of h.c.-A persons right not to be
  imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given
  trial, otherwise they are freed.
• Suspended under Lincoln during war.
• Applies to Who? Anyone supporting rebels or
  resists military draft
• Penalty imprisonment indefinitely

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Industry

• South- pressure Britain and France to aid them
  due to their dependence on cotton, which was
  needed for textile industry.
• North- didnt want Europe to get involved
• Trent Affair- Confederate diplomats are captured
  and imprisoned by Union warship, while attempting
  to meet with European officials to seek allied
  help.

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Technology/ Tactics

• 1st modern war
• Rifled muskets/cone shaped bullets. This allowed
  killing at a longer distance with far more
  accuracy.
• Use of the railroad. The ability to go troops
  quickly (especially cannon or infantryforces not
  usually associated with quick movement)
• Communication. Before, you relied on riders or
  runners, now they had telegraph wires
• Naval Warfare. Introduced to ironclad ships,
  the submarine
• --Use of trenches as part of a mobile
  battlefield.
• -- Attrition. Wear down on side through
  exhaustion and cutting off resources

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Anaconda Plan

• Northern Strategy v. Southern Strategy

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OverviewNorthsCivil WarStrategy AnacondaPl
an
Goal surround the Confederacy and squeeze them
into submission
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The Anaconda Plan

• Capture Richmond and force surrender
• Expel Confederates from border states
• Control of the Mississippi River to Stop the
  transport of
• soldiers
• Weapons
• Ammunition
• Clothes
• Food
• other supplies needed
• Blockade southern ports to stop
• cotton shipments
• supplies from foreign nations

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Southern Strategy

• Goal to be recognized as an independent nation
  in order to preserve their way of life
• Defend its homeland, holding onto as much
  territory as possible until the North got tired
  of fighting
• Capture Washington, D.C.
• Control border states
• Gain England's support
• Expel Union troops from South