Organizing Life

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Organizing Lifes Diversity

• Classification
• Part 1

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• Biodiversity- the variety of species in an area
  or the entire earth.

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• Classification- the grouping of objects based on
  similar qualities.

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• Taxonomy- the branch of biology in which
  organisms are classified and named based on
  studies of their different characteristics.

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Aristotle

• Developed the first widely accepted method of
  classification.
• Classified organisms into two groups
• Plants subdivided into herbs, shrubs, and trees
• Animals subdivided into characteristics based on
  habitat and physical differences

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Carolus Linnaeus

• Developed a method of classification still used
  today.
• Classified organisms based on their physical and
  structural similarities.

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• What is the benefit of classifying organisms
  based on similarities versus differences?

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• Classification based on similarities requires a
  more detailed knowledge of the organism and those
  it is being compared to.
• According to Aristotles method, birds and bats
  were classified together because both could fly.
  However, a bat has more in common with mammals
  (hair, produces milk, etc)

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Modern Classification

• Panther Cougar
• Puma Catamount
• Mountain Lion Mountain Cat

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Modern Classification

• Common Name- regional name (nickname) given to a
  species.
• A scientist reports on a specific species of bird
  found in America and several counties in Europe.
  He uses the common name most Americans are
  familiar with. The readers in Europe have no idea
  which bird he is referring to. Why?

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Modern Classification

• Binomial Nomenclature- a two word naming system
  that identifies a specific species.
• First word is the genus
• Second word is the specific epithet
• Genus- group of species that have similar
  features and are closely related.
• Specific Epithet- describes a characteristic
  unique to the species.

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Scientific Names

• The species name for Humans (common name) is Homo
  sapiens (scientific name).
• Scientific Names- names given to species using
  binomial nomenclature.
• Latin language (dead language does not change)
• Italicized in print and underlined when
  handwritten
• First letter of genus name is uppercase
• First letter of specific epithet is lowercase

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Organizing Lifes Diversity

• How Living Things are Classified
• Part 2

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• Taxon- a group of organisms (taxa- plural).
• Taxonomists rank organisms in taxa that range
  from very broad to very specific characteristics.

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What is it?

• You are a taxonomist and you have just discovered
  something new. Now you must name it.

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What is it?

• First you must determine if its living or
  non-living.
• Is it made of cells?
• Is it able to obtain and use energy?
• Is it able to maintain homeostasis?
• Is it able to reproduce?
• Is it able to grow and develop?
• Is it able to adapt to its environment?

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What is it?

• Its living. Now you must determine the domain.
• Domain- three taxonomical categories all living
  things fall under (Archaea, Bacteria, or
  Eukarya).

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What is it?

• The organism has a true cell so its domain is
  Eukarya.
• Now you must determine the Kingdom.
• Kingdom- a group of similar phyla. There are six
  kingdoms
• Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists, Archaebacteria,
  and Eubacteria

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What is it?

• Based on the organisms structure and behavior,
  it is classified in the Kingdom animalia.
• You continue to group the organism into more
  detailed characteristics until you reach a
  characteristic unique to the species.

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What is it?

• Phylum/Division- group of similar classes.
  Division is used when classifying plants.
• Class- group of similar orders.
• Order- group of similar families.
• Family- group of similar genus.
• Genus- group of similar species
• Species- organisms that look alike and can
  successfully interbreed.

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What is it?

• Using binomial nomenclature you are able to give
  the scientific name of your species.
• Panthera pardus
• Common name leopard

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KPCOFGS

• Kingdom
• Phylum/Division
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

• King
• Philip
• Came
• Over
• For
• Good
• Spaghetti