The English Exception

1
The English Exception

• The European World

2
Charles I Fights Parliament

• 1625
• Charles I enthroned
• always needed money
• at war with both Spain and France
• several times Parliament refused to give him
  funds
• he dissolved it
• 1628
• forced to call Parliament again

3
The Petition of Right

• Parliament refused to grant the king any money
  until he signed the Petition of Right

• the king agreed to four points

4
The Petition of Right

• He would not imprison subjects without due cause

• He would not levy taxes without parliaments
  consent

• He would not house soldiers in private homes

• He would not impose martial law in peacetime

5
The Petition of Right

• after agreeing to the petition, Charles ignored
  it
• 1629
• Charles dissolved Parliament and refused to call
  it back into session

6
The English Civil War Begins

• 1637
• Charles needed money and called Parliament into
  session
• autumn of 1641
• Parliament opposed the king and passed laws to
  limit royal power

7

• January 1642
• Charles tried to arrest Parliaments leaders
• they escaped

8

• Charles fled London and raised an army in the
  north of England

9

• civil war raged from 1642 to 1649

10
The English Civil War

• Cavaliers
• those who remained loyal to Charles were called
  Royalists or Cavaliers

• Roundheads
• Puritan supporters of Parliament who wore their
  hair short over their ears

11
Cromwell and the Commonwealth

• 1646
• defeated the Cavaliers
• held the king prisoner

12
Cromwell and the Commonwealth

• 1649 -
• executed Charles
• abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords
• established a commonwealth
• a republican form of government

13
Cromwell and the Commonwealth

• 1653
• dissolved Parliament
• drafted a constitution
• tore up the document and ruled as a military
  dictator
• 1658
• Died
• new Parliament selected
• 1659
• Parliament voted to ask the older son of Charles
  I to rule England

14
Charles II

• restored the theater, sporting events, and
  dancing, which the Puritans had banned
• 1679
• Parliament passed habeas corpus law giving every
  prisoner the right to be brought before a judge

15
James II

• 1685
• offended his subjects by flaunting his
  Catholicism
• Parliament protested
• James dissolved it
• English Protestants terrified at the prospect of
  a line of Catholic kings

16
The Glorious Revolution - William and Mary

• James daughter, Mary
• was Protestant
• wife of William of Orange
• a prince of the Netherlands
• Parliament invited William and Mary to overthrow
  James for the sake of Protestantism

17
The Glorious Revolution - William and Mary

• William led his army to London in 1688
• James fled to France

18
The Glorious Revolution - William and Mary

• William and Mary recognized Parliament as their
  partner in governing
• England had become a constitutional monarchy
• where laws limited the rulers power

19
The Glorious Revolution - William and Mary

• 1689
• William and Mary officially consented to the Bill
  of Rights

20
The Bill of Right

• no suspending of Parliaments laws

• no levying of taxes without a specific grant from
  Parliament

• no interfering with freedom of speech in
  Parliament

• no penalty for a citizen who petitions the king
  about grievances