Chapter 19 Review

1
Chapter 19 Review

• Earthquakes

2
Movement occurs along fractures in rocks when
_____.

1. stress equals the strength of the rocks involved
2. stress overcomes the strength of the rocks
   involved
3. stress is applies to the rocks involved
4. stress is less than the rocks involved

3
The strain which causes a material to twist is
known as

1. stress
2. compression
3. tension
4. shear

4
The strain which causes a material to pull apart
is known as

1. stress
2. compression
3. tension
4. shear

5
P-waves and S-waves are also known as ____.

1. surface waves
2. ground waves
3. body waves
4. first waves

6
Which point marks the epicenter of the earthquake?

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

7
At which point will the most damage as a result
of the earthquake occur?

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

8
What is true about the focus?

1. It is the point where the most surface damage
   will occur.
2. It is the point where the surface waves originate
   and spread out.
3. It is the point where the waves are attracted.
4. It is the point of failure where the waves
   originate.

9
What keeps the stable part of this seismometer
from moving during an earthquake?

1. inertia
2. gravity
3. its mass
4. its location

10
Which part of the seismometer does not shake
during an earthquake?

1. the frame
2. the spring
3. the rotating drum
4. the pendulum and pen

11
Use the graph to answer the questions.
12
A seismogram is located 4500 miles away from the
epicenter of an earthquake. What is the
difference in time between when the P-waves reach
the seismogram and the S-waves reach the
seismogram?

1. 5 1/2 minutes
2. 6 minutes
3. 10 minutes
4. 22 minutes

13
Which type of material would be best to use for
construction in an area prone to earthquakes?

1. Concrete
2. Brick
3. Wood
4. Stone

14
Organize the locations from lowest to highest
hazard.
Location Earthquake History Strain Buildup Rate
A many earthquakes slow
B few earthquakes moderate
C many earthquakes fast
D many earthquakes moderate

1. B, A, D, C
2. C, D, A, B
3. A, B, C, D
4. B, A, C, D

15
Seismologists have assessed a particular area and
predict that an earthquake occurs every 17 years
in that area. If the last earthquake occurred in
1998, when will the next earthquake most likely
occur?

1. 2010
2. 2015
3. 2017
4. 2025

16
Over the past 250 years a city has experienced 23
earthquakes at rather regular intervals.
Approximately how often have these earthquakes
occurred?

1. every 50 years
2. every 10 years
3. every 100 years
4. every 5 years

17
A city is located over an active fault, but has
not experienced an earthquake for a long period
of time. The city is most likely located where?

1. over a seismic gap
2. in an area of low recurrence
3. over minimal strain accumulation
4. at a location of low seismic risk

18
____ and the amount of strain released during the
last quake are used in earthquake probability
studies.

1. Seismic belts
2. Strain accumulation
3. Fault scarps
4. Tsunamis

19
On a seismometer, vibrations of the ground do not
move the ____.

1. frame
2. spring
3. recording drum
4. suspended mass

20
A ____ fault forms as a result of horizontal
compression.

1. blind
2. normal
3. strike-slip
4. reverse

21
The San Andreas Fault, a result of horizontal
shear, is a ____ fault.

1. blind
2. normal
3. strike-slip
4. reverse

22
The locations of seismic belts are determined by
plotting ____.

1. earthquake epicenters
2. seismic gaps
3. earthquake foci
4. epicentral distances

23
A numerical scale of earthquake magnitude that
takes into account the size of the fault rupture
is the ____.

1. Richter scale
2. modified Mercalli scale
3. moment magnitude scale
4. epicentral distance scale

24
Deaths associated with earthquake deaths in
sloping areas can result from

1. tsunamis.
2. landslides.
3. formation of fault scarps.
4. surface ruptures.

25
Does not pass through Earths liquid outer core

1. surface wave
2. P-wave
3. S-wave

26
Does not pass through Earths interior at all

1. surface wave
2. P-wave
3. S-wave

27
Squeezes and pulls rocks in same direction as the
save travels

1. surface wave
2. P-wave
3. S-wave

28
Is refracted by Earths core

1. surface wave
2. P-wave
3. S-wave

29
Absence of this kind of waves results in a shadow
zone

1. surface wave
2. P-wave
3. S-wave

30
Causes structures to sink into the ground

1. Liquefaction of soils
2. Collapse of higher, intact floors onto ground
   floors
3. Vertical motions of the seafloor during an
   earthquake
4. Natural sway of intermediate buildings equals the
   period of vibration of the earthquake

31
Type of structural failure called pancaking

1. Liquefaction of soils
2. Collapse of higher, intact floors onto ground
   floors
3. Vertical motions of the seafloor during an
   earthquake
4. Natural sway of intermediate buildings equals the
   period of vibration of the earthquake

32
Type of structural failure related to building
height

1. Liquefaction of soils
2. Collapse of higher, intact floors onto ground
   floors
3. Vertical motions of the seafloor during an
   earthquake
4. Natural sway of intermediate buildings equals the
   period of vibration of the earthquake

33
Results in a tsunami

1. Liquefaction of soils
2. Collapse of higher, intact floors onto ground
   floors
3. Vertical motions of the seafloor during an
   earthquake
4. Natural sway of intermediate buildings equals the
   period of vibration of the earthquake

34
Section of an active fault that has not
experienced a significant earthquake for a long
time

1. modified Mercalli scale
2. magnitude
3. stress
4. fault
5. tsunami
6. strain
7. seismic gap
8. surface wave

35
Rates earthquake intensity

1. modified Mercalli scale
2. magnitude
3. stress
4. fault
5. tsunami
6. strain
7. seismic gap
8. surface wave

36
Wave generated by vertical motions of the seafloor

1. modified Mercalli scale
2. magnitude
3. stress
4. fault
5. tsunami
6. strain
7. seismic gap
8. surface wave

37
Seismic wave that causes the ground to move in
two directions

1. modified Mercalli scale
2. magnitude
3. stress
4. fault
5. tsunami
6. strain
7. seismic gap
8. surface wave

38
Forces per unit area acting on a material

1. modified Mercalli scale
2. magnitude
3. stress
4. fault
5. tsunami
6. strain
7. seismic gap
8. surface wave

39
Measure of the energy released by a quake

1. modified Mercalli scale
2. magnitude
3. stress
4. fault
5. tsunami
6. strain
7. seismic gap
8. surface wave

40
Deformation of materials in response to stress

1. modified Mercalli scale
2. magnitude
3. stress
4. fault
5. tsunami
6. strain
7. seismic gap
8. surface wave

41
Fracture in rock along which movement occurs

1. modified Mercalli scale
2. magnitude
3. stress
4. fault
5. tsunami
6. strain
7. seismic gap
8. surface wave

42
Most rocks that exist in Earths crust are
brittle but become ductile at great depths where
temperatures are cooler.

1. True
2. False

43
Seismic belts are relatively narrow and tend to
follow tectonic plate boundaries.

1. True
2. False

44
If two seismic stations receive data from an
earthquake, the quakes location can be computed
if P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves have been
received.

1. True
2. False

45
The fact that a significant earthquake has not
occurred within a seismic gap indicates that an
earthquake is more likely to occur in the near
future.

1. True
2. False

46
On a seismometer, the suspended mass tends to
stay at rest during an earthquake because of
inertia.

1. True
2. False

47
A seismometer is designed so that its frame
vibrates with the movement of the ground.

1. True
2. False

48
The amount of damage done to structures as a
result of an earthquake is the earthquakes
magnitude.

1. True
2. False

49
S-waves are refracted, or bent, by Earths outer
core.

1. True
2. False