Chemistry Final Review

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Chemistry Final Review
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Gas Laws AssignmentChapter 14

• Take the data and graph the three Gas Laws.
• Can convert temperature data to Kelvin.
• K 273.15 0C
• (kelvin) (celsius)
• Interpret the graph by answering the
  questions.
• Use the Gas Laws graphs to answer questions on
  the final.
• Due on Monday (5/14)

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Gas Law Assignment

• Volume vs. Pressure

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Boyles Law
marinasse-portafolio.blogspot.com
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Gas Law Assignment

• 2. Temperature vs. Volume

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Charless Law
engineerstudent.co.uk
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Temperature vs. Pressure

• 3. Temperature vs. Pressure

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Gay-Lussacs Law
chemistryexplained.com
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Chemistry IntroductionMeasurement and
Scientific Method
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Measurement and Scientific MethodPrecision vs.
Accuracy
Label each picture as precise, accurate, both, or
neither.
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Matter and Change
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Phase Changes and Kinetic Energy
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Atomic Structure
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Bohrs Model of the Atom

• The electron cloud consists of energy levels.
• Electrons reside and move around in these energy
  levels.
• Electrons can move to other energy levels when
  absorb photons.

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Electron Movement
1. 2.
3.

• Ground state of H Atom (lowest energy level for
  e-)
• A photon (light particle) is absorbed by Hs
  electron.
• Electron becomes excited and jumps to higher
  energy level.
• 3. E- returns to ground state and emits
  (releases) the photon.
• Emitted photons wavelength can be detected by
  scientists.
• (Infrared region at room temp Visble region at
  higher temps.)

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Electron Properties and Arrangement
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Electron Properties and Arrangement
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Electron Properties and Arrangement
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Periodic Table
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Periodic TableAtomic Radius
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Periodic TableIonization Energy
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Chemical Bonding
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Chemical Reactions
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Types of Chemical Reactions

• 1. Synthesis (A B ----gt AB)
• 2. Decomposition (AB------gt A B)
• 3. Single Replacement (A BC ---gt B AC)
• 4. Double Replacement (AB CD ---gt CB AD)
• 5. Combustion (CxHx O2 ----gt CO2
  H2O)
• 6. Neutralization (Acid Base--gt H2O Salt)

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Chemical Reaction Energy Diagram
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Chemical Reaction Energy Diagram
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Chemical Reactions Rates

• Reaction Rates how fast the reactants
  chemically change into the products.
• Collision Theory Reactant particles will form
  products when reactants collide
• at the right position.
• and exchange the right amount of kinetic energy.
  

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Nuclear Chemistry
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Nuclear ChemistryRadioactive Decay
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Chemical Quantities
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Stoichiometry
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Exothermic vs. Endothermic
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Chemistry Final

• What does Chemistry study?

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Scientific Notation

• Convert to scientific notation
• 2,350,921

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Scientific Notation

• Convert to scientific notation .
• 0.0000258

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Metric Conversion

• Kilo-, Hecto-, Deka-, Base, Deci- Centi-, Milli-
• 5 kg ________cg

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Metric Conversion

• Kilo-, Hecto-, Deka-, Base, Deci- Centi-, Milli-
• 3.5cL ______ L

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Metric and English Conversions

• How many seconds is in 10.26hrs?

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Metric and English Conversions

• Sara ran 2 miles in 16 minutes. How far did she
  run in kilometers? (1mi 1600m)

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Density

• What is the equation for density?

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Density

• A solution has a mass of 1200 g and a density of
  1.2 g/mL. What is the volume?

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Density

• What is the density of a 50mL sample of water
  that has a mass of 49.6 g?

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Scientific Method

• What are the 5 main steps to the scientific
  method?

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Scientific Method

• What is the difference between qualitative and
  quantitative results?

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Scientific Method

• What is the difference between accuracy and
  precision?

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Scientific Method

• Determine which of the following sets of data is
  most precise.
• 2.5, 6.0, 4.0
• 2.5, 3.0, 2.0
• 2.5, 2.4, 2.3

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Scientific Method

• A student wanted to know how temperature affected
  the rate of a chemical reaction. She observed
  and recorded the time it took for a chemical
  reaction to occur at three different
  temperatures.
• What is the independent variable?
• What is the dependent variable?

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Significant Figures

• How many significant figures?
• 0.01020g ________

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Significant Figures

• How many signficant figures?
• 2.104_______

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Calculating using Significant Figures

• How many significant figures are in the answer?
• 1.21 g x 0.50g

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Calculating using Signficant Figures

• How many significant figures are in the answer?
• 0.45m 2.140m 1.3g 4g

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Matter

• What are the two broad classes of matter?

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Classification of Matter
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Matter

• What is the big difference between substances
  and mixtures?

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Mixtures

• Determine if the following mixtures are
  heterogenous or homogenous mixtures.
• Saltwater
• b. Vegetable soup

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Compounds

• True or False Compounds composition is always
  varied.
• True or False A compounds properties are
  similar to the elements making up the compound.

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Physical Properties

• Give me example of physical properties.

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Chemical properties

• Give me example of chemical properties.

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Physical or Chemical Change

• Determine if the following are chemical or
  physical changes
• Boiling water
• b. Digesting food
• Burning fire wood
• d. Dissolving sugar in water

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Mixture or Compound?

• air
• Na(OH)
• lead
• Na(OH)solution

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Atomic Theory

• Who believed matter consisted of air, wind, fire,
  and earth?
• Who was the first to propose that matter is
  composed of atoms?

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Atomic Theory

• Who was the first person to confirm using the
  scientific method that matter was composed of
  atoms?

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Daltons Atomic Theory

• Identify important concepts of Daltons Atomic
  Theory.

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The Atom

• What are the two subatomic particles that have
  charge?

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The Atom

• What are the two subatomic particles that
  contribute mass to an atom?

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The Atom

• What is the difference between mass number and
  atomic mass?

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Atomic Subparticles

• Nitrogen is a neutral atom. It has 7neutrons and
  7 electrons.
• What is Nitrogens number of protons?
• What is Nitrogens atomic number?
• What is Nitrogens mass number?

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Atomic Subparticles

• Ca 2 has a mass number of 40 and an atomic
  number of 20.
• How may protons does Ca 2 have?
• How many electrons does Ca 2 have?
• How many neutrons does Ca 2 have?

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The Atom

• What is an isotope?

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Bell Ringer

• How many significant figures?
• 0.040020____
• 1.0200_____
• 10,840______
• 24.09/ 4.2______
• 4.25 4.0 ______

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Isotope

• C-12 and C-13 are isotopes.
• What subatomic particle has the same value with
  each isotope of carbon above?
• What subatomic particle has different values with
  each isotope of carbon above?

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Radioisotope

• What is a radioisotope?
• What are the three types of radioisotope
  particles we talked about?

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Nuclear Radiation
Radiation Penetration
Radiation charges
paper
wood
concrete or lead
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Alpha Particles

• Alpha rays(a) Emission of a He nucleus.
• alpha particles are () charged .
• large mass and charge prevents alpha particles
  from traveling and penetrating far.
• 1.

parent decays a
daughter isotope isotope
particle (stable) (unstable)
(He nucleus)
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Nuclear Decay with a Particles

• Mass number decreases by four
• Atomic Number decreases by two
• (Daughter isotope that is more stable)

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Nuclear Decay Beta Particles

• Beta Rays (ß) A neutron breaks into a p and e-
• p remains in nucleus and e- is emitted.
• Beta rays have a (-) charge.
• Beta rays travel and penetrate farther because
  smaller charge and no mass.

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Nuclear Decay with ß particles

• Mass number remains the same
• (proton switches with a neutron)
• Atomic number increases by one.
• (proton formed in nucleus stable daughter
  isotope).

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Nuclear Decay Gamma
Gamma Rays(?) high energy particle with no mass
or charge. Does not have a charge or mass,
therefore travels and penetrates the
farthest. Most dangerous rays because penetrates
skin. Usually emitted with alpha and beta
particles.
?
parent decays a
daughter isotope ? isotope
particle (stable)
(unstable) (He nucleus)
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Nuclear Decay with ? rays

• Mass number remains the same
• (? rays has no mass)
• Atomic number remains the same
• (? rays has no mass or charge)

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Periodic Table

• Who organized the periodic table based on atomic
  mass?

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Periodic Table

• Who organized the periodic table based on atomic
  number?

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Periodic Table

• How is the modern periodic table
• Organized?

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Periodic Table

• What is another name for rows on the periodic
  table?

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Periodic Table

• What is another name for the columns on the
  periodic table?

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Periodic Table

• Give me an example of a metal, non-metal, and a
  metalloid

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Periodic Table

• What is the difference between transitional and
  representative groups?