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Approaches to Interoperability
Standardization by Timothy Schoechle,
PhDCyberLYNX Technology CorporationBoulder,
Colorado, USAfor National Conference on
Emergency Communications SystemsWashington
DCDecember 12-13, 2005 hosted by George
Washington University
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Situation

• Technological advances in wireless networking
• Many new technologies and standards
• Targeted to specific applications and services
• Not interoperable

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Some examples

• Local area networks
• Bluetooth
• Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4)
• WiFi (IEEE 802.11)
• UWB
• Wide area networks
• WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
• LMDS, MMDS
• GSM/GPRS
• CDMA
• 3G
• CDMA 2000
• WCDMS
• TS-SCDMA

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Some examples

• Satellite services
• SDR (Software Defined Radio)
• JTSR (Joint Tactical Radio System)
• US military system
• Specialized fixed and mobile services
• NGN (Next Generation Networks)
• ITU-T SG 13NGN
• ITU-T SG 16Multimedia Trmls, Sys. Apps
• Focus on ubiquitous applications
• e-everything (e.g., e-health, e-business, etc.)

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The problem

• Compatibility
• Not interfering with each other
• Connectivity
• Talking to each other
• Interoperability
• Understanding each other
• Interworking

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The problem

• Interoperability
• Between wired and wireless networks
• Between new and legacy networks

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Issues and problems

• The stovepipe problem
• New systems need legacy bridge
• Future-proofing
• technology insertionAvoid re-engineering
• sustainability
• Compatibility with civil national systems

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OSI 7-layer model(open system interconnect)
USER
USER
Gateway
Application
Layer 7
Application
Presentation
Layer 6
Presentation
Session
Layer 5
Session
Transport
Layer 4
Transport
Router
Network
Layer 3
Network
Data Link
Layer 2
Data Link
Bridge
Physical
Layer 1
Physical
Network 1
Network 2
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Internet

• A network of networks
• At the network layer (OSI layer 3)
• Layer 3 interconnection
• Connectivity vs. interoperability
• Connectivity message packet exchange
• Interoperability application language
  translation
• Syntax
• Lexicon
• Semantics
• Now take the Internet logic to the next stage
• Gateway application layer (OSI layer 7)

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Solution

• ISO/IEC 15045 Gateway
• Defines generalized gateway architecture
• Modular and distributed structure
• Integrates with voice, video, and data services
• ISO/IEC 18012 Guidelines for Interoperability
• Translates between dissimilar networks
• At the OSI Application layer (layer 7)
• All protocols and languages accommodated

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Gateways!
Public Safety Network (FM, P25,SDR)
Gateway
Gateway
JTRS Military Network (over 30 air interfaces)
Gateway
Federal
Gateway
Tribal
State
Allies
Local
Same MILDEP
Different MILDEP
Gateway
Gateway
Commercial Wireless Networks (2G, 3G, SDR)
U.S.
Rest of World
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Common Interoperability Framework(ISO/IEC 18012)
GIWF Generic Interworking Function
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Gateway Architecture(generalized)
Wide Area Networks
Local Area Networks
LAN 1 Interface
WAN 1
WAN 1 Interface
LAN 1
WAN 2
LAN 2
WAN 2 Interface
LAN 2 Interface
WAN 3
LAN 3
WAN 3 Interface
LAN 3 Interface
Domain ofGateway Standard
Gateway Intermediate Bus and Protocol
Minimal Network Services
Encryption Services
Enhanced Network Services
Authentication Services
Other Services
Other Security Services
Core Framework
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Gateway Architecture(Home Networking Example)
Wide Area Access Networks
Local Area Networks
MPEG-Video
Cable TV
DOCSIS Interface
IEEE 1394
Telephone
WiFi
DSL Interface
VoIP Interface
WiMAX
Ethernet
Receive Interface
Data Router
Domain ofGateway Standard
Gateway Intermediate Bus and Protocol
Health/Medical Monitoring
Automatic Meter Reading
Energy Management
Personal Vidoe Recorder
Network Management
Security/Firewall Services
Core Framework
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The JTSR example

• Sound architectural concept
• SCASoftware Communications Architecture
• Software-basedre-usable hardware
• Modular waveforms for expandability
• But
• Radio only
• Few waveformsneed to add new technology faster
• No connection to other new legacy networks
• Need WNWWideband Network Waveform
• Costs out of control
• Delays in implementation

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JTRS Set Architecture (Software Radio Networking
Example)
Waveforms
WNW
Minimal Network Services
Core Framework
Programmable Radio Hardware
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JTRS Gateway Architecture(Software Radio
Networking Example)
Radio Set Waveforms
WNW Waveforms
WNW Interface 1
Waveform 1
SINCGARS
GIG
EPLRS
Internet
Waveform 2
WNW Interface 2
HAVEQUICK
C2
Waveform 3
WNW Interface 3
Domain ofGateway Standard
Gateway Intermediate Bus and Protocol
Minimal Network Services
Encryption Services
Enhanced Network Services
Authentication Services
Other Services
Other Security Services
Core Framework
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Thank you, Questions?
Timothy Schoechle, PhDCyberLYNX Technology
CorporationBoulder, Colorado, USA www.cyberlynx.
com 1 303-443-5490