Folienmaster CV Rahmenprogramm

1
The technical regulation of the refrigeration
market in Europe
Dr.- Ing. Rainer M. Jakobs DMJ Consulting
Breuberg, GermanyBoard Member of the German
Society of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning
DKV e.V.
2
Agenda

• Environmental challenges
• Global policies
• Energy facts in Europe
• EU policies
• The European legislation landscape
• Conclusion

3
Environmental Challenges

• Ozone Depletion 1987 Montreal Protocol Phase
  Out CFC, HCFC ? HFC, Natural Fluids
• Sustainability
• 1992 Rio Conference based on 1972 Report
  Club of Rome Limits to Growth
• 1987 Report Brundtland
  Environment and Development established
  in its Agenda 21 and in the Climate
  Convention
• ? the request for a sustainable development and
  Eco-Efficiency
• Sustainable Development means a permanent
  improvement of quality of mankind within the
  possibilities of natural environment.
• Global Warming
• 1997 Kyoto Protocol HFC (Refrigerant) and
  CO2 (Energy) Emission Control
  

4
Global Policies
1987 Montreal Protocol phase out ozone
depleting substances
The ozone hole

• 1997 Kyoto protocol post Kyoto agreements
• control of greenhouse gas emissions
• concern on high GWP refrigerants
• Opportunities for heat pumps

Global warming
Kyoto -5 greenhouse gas emission by 2012
Post Kyoto -25 to -40 by 2020
5
Total Warming Impact
Heat sink
Primary energyfrom non-renewable and renewable
sources
End energy
Heat source
6
Energy consumption in Europe
Energy Consumption (Primary Energy)
Buildings
Industry
2015
10
-
25
10
-
25
10
-
25
Comfort
28
28
41
Hot Water
Hot Water
Hot Water
Cooling
3
50-60
50
-
60
50
-
60
Space Heating
Others
Others
Space
Space
Buildings
31
31
Heating
Heating
20
20
Transport
CO2 equivalent emissions ()
EU 25 2003
Buildings consume gt 40 of EU energy 50-60 is
used for cooling and heating Share of cooling may
increase in future
Non Energy
41
Energy
20
61
19
Energy for
Source Eurostat 2004
Transport
80 of CO2 eq. emissions is by energy consumption
7
Drivers for using less energy andEU policies
Global Warming
Economy
20 less primary energy use compared by 2020
20 less CO2 equiv. by 2020
ENERGY
Security of supply
20 share of Renewable Energy sources by 2020
8
EU policies 20-20-20-2020
Energy Policy for Europe Targets by 2020
20 increase in energy efficiency 20
reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020
20 share of renewables in overall energy
consumption 10 biofuel component
in vehicle fuel by 2020
10
-
25
10
-
25
10
-
25
41
Hot Water
Hot Water
3
50-60
50
-
60
50
-
60
41
Space
Space
31
31
Heating
Heating
9
EU Energy mix detail of Renewable Energy
sources (RES)
The target 20 RES by 2020 is 3 times higher
compared to 2005 ? drastic improvement is
required
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Utilization of renewable energy sources
Heat Pump
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Contribution to EU targets

• Heat pumps installed in single family houses
  alone can contribute to the 20/20/20
  EU-targets by 2020
• to approximately 20 to. - reduce
  primary energy consumption
• - reduce greenhouse gas emissions
• - increase the share of renewables.

EU policy for 2020 concerning EU target potential of heat pumps HP-share of EU targets
Primary energy - 20 -902 TWh 20.6
Renewable energy 20 774 TWh 22
Greenhouse gas - 20 -230 Mto 21.5
- Without regarding the potential for heat pump
use in public and commercial sectors - Without
regarding the potential for cooling and air
conditioning
Source European Heat Pump Action Plan
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The European legislation landscape
Renewable energies
Building
RES
EPB
COP
EuP
SPF
Eco labelling
SCOP
RoHS
Heating system
Heat pumping systemsRefr. AC HP
Renewable electricity production
Energy Statistics
Heat source
F-Gas
WEEE
Regulations
Directives
Labels
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Energy saving policies 1

• Energy Labelling
• Ecodesign directive

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
European Ecolabel
Building construction Selection HVAC Refr Installation HVAC Refr Manufacturing HVAC Refr

Minimize need for cooling heating Focus on energy efficient solutions Regular energy inspection of installations Increase Energy efficiency of equipment
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Energy saving policies 2
European ecolabel pull customers towards the
most environmentally friendly equipment
(voluntary programme)
Energy labelling push industry pull customers
towards more efficient products by ranking them
(mandatory) Also for buildings (EPBD)
Ecodesign for Energy using products push
industry towards more efficient products by
banning less efficient products from the
market (mandatory now under preparation)
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What is the European Eco-label?

• The European Ecolabel, also known as 'The
  Flower' is
• an official environmental label for products and
  services established by the EU Commission in 1992
  in cooperation with national member states.
• used by more than 300 licenced companies on more
  than 2000 products
• The EU Eco-label guarantees that the awarded
  products meet EU-wide valid strong environmental
  criteria
• Compliance is checked during a certification
  procedure led by a national Competent Body.

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What is EUP?
EUP Ecodesign Requirements for Energy Using
Products
HIGH
efficiency
Minimum efficiency requirements
BAN
LOW
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Framework directive 2005/32/EC
PREPARATORY STUDIES
19. Domestic lighting
1. Boilers (HP)
10.Airconditionerlt12kW
11. Motors, fans,..
20. Local room heating prod.
2. Waterheaters (HP)
12. Comm. Refriger.
21. Central heat. prod hot air
3. PC
13. Dom. Refriger.
22. ovens
4. copiers
14. dishwashers
23. Hobs grills
5. TV,
15. Fossil fuel burner
24. prof.washing machines, dryers, dishwashers
6. Stand by loss
16. Laundry driers
25. Non tertiary coffee mach.
7. Battery charger
17. Vacuum cleaners
26. Networked stand by loss
8. Office lights
18. Set top boxes
27. dom. Uninterr. Power sup.
9. Street lights
New studies Also expected are Refrigeration
airconditioners
FINAL RESULT regulation for each product group
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Importance of the study
? Product definition, standards legislation
? Economics market
? Technical analysis-existing technology
? Consumer infrastructure
? definition of basecase (representative model of
the market)
? Improvement potential
? Technical analysis of BAT
? Policy report, impact sensitivity analysis
BAT best available technology
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Estimated timeline for each study
Based on different information
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
1. Boilers (HP) 2. Waterheaters (HP)
10. Air conditioners lt12kW
6. Stand by losses
11. Fans
12. Refrigeration
New workplan
Implementation
Publication
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EuP Ecodesign Requirements for Energy Using
Products

• Tendencies
• Europe aims to be top runner in the world
• standardise method for LCCA LCA
• air conditioning, ventilation and refrigeration
  are priority product groups
• main focus on energy efficiency improvements
• energy labeling (ELD) will be reviewed based on
  results of EUP study

• Opportunities
• better evaluation of BAT, e.g. inverter
• competitive advantage for energy efficient
  products

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EUP lot 10 Airconditioner lt12kW
Cooling only products
Present energy label
LOT 10 - proposal
SEER
Heating only products
EER
SCOP
COP
APF
Reversible products
FULL LOAD
PART LOAD
Includes stand by off mode
SEER seasonal energy efficiency ratio (cooling
performance) SCOP seasonal coefficient of
performance (heating performance) APF annual
performance factor (combining cooling heating)
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Is there a relation between Ecolabel and
Ecodesign / EuP ?
high
Ecodesign Setting the minimum environmental
requirements for CE marking Mandatory
Ecolabel Award for top market Voluntary
Environmental performance
Product ban
low
e.g. Heat pump market
Objective of Ecolabel is different from
Ecodesign / EuP !
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EPBD Directive 2002/91/EC on the Energy
Perfomance of Buildings (EPBD)

• Tendencies
• better insulated buildings result in reduced
  demand for coolingheating
• regular inspection gt 12 kW increase service
  cost, less running costs
• Energy label buildings air conditioning
  negative, heat pump positive evaluation. Need
  for part load data SEER/SCOP
• very national approach

• Opportunities
• Service business / building energy management
• Competitive advantage for energy efficient
  cooling, heating ventilation
• Opportunity for heat pump sales

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Preparation
Enforcement
Review
06 07 08 09
10 11
Dir. (2002/96/EC) waste electrical electronic
equip.
WEEE
Dir.(2002/95/EC) Restriction of Hazardous
Substances
RoHS
Reg.(2037/2000/EC) Ozone layer depleting
Substances
ODS
Reg. (842/2006/EC) certain Fluorinated gases
F-Gas
Dir. (2002/91/EC) energy Performance of buildings
EPBD
Framew. Dir. (2005/32/EC) ecodesign for energy
using products
EuP
Framework Directive
Product groups
Dir. (2002/31/EC) on energy Labelling of
household air conditioners
ELD
Framew. Dir. Registration ,evaluation and
authorisation of chemicals
REACH
EU Agency set up
eco-label award for heat pump systems
ECOLabel
Batteries
Dir. (2006/66/EC) batteries and accumulators
Dir.(94//62/EC) packaging and packaging waste
Packaging
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WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical
Electronic Equipment

• Tendencies
• For the moment there is no common scope in
  Europe. Most countries exclude fixed
  installations from the scope but some countries
  include such as Italy, Portugal, Greece and
  Malta. Netherlands is reconsidering. The tendency
  is to include the parts of fixed installations in
  the scope.
• As the replacement market is still relative
  small, the amount of airconditioners to recycle
  is small but will increase .
• The F-gas regulation influences the recycling
  process.

• Opportunities
• open competitive market for waste treatment
  will reduce costs. Easy recycling products and
  recycling knowledge will create the most
  competitive recycling scheme.
• improve refrigerant recovery in view of F-gas
  regulation

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RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC on the Restriction of
Hazardous Substances

• Tendencies
• RoHS directive is spreading to other areas, e.g.
  China. More and more manufacturers extend the
  scope on voluntary basis.
• European customer is very sensitive for
  hazardous substances.
• if WEEE scope is reviewed, RoHS scope will
  follow
• exemptions will be reviewed on regular base

-Lead (Pb) -Cadmium (Cd) -Hexavalent
Chromium (Cr6) -Mercury (Hg) -Polybrominated
biphenyls (PBB) -Polybrominated diphenylether
(PBDE)

• Opportunities
• Cost reduction of RoHS parts because of
  increasing demand on wider scale
• Voluntary implementation on products out of
  scope helps to attain eco-labelling
  competitive advantage.
• Development of alternatives for todays exemptions

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Tendency European legislation
production
Exhaust air-treatment, waste water, soil,
VOC agreement
product
batteries
Packaging and Packaging waste
Dangerous substances
EUP
ROHS
F-gas
batteries
Ozone depleting substances
Ecolabel
Product use in total system
Limit of available energy
Energy labeling
Energy performance of buildings
F-gas
End of life treatment
batteries
F-gas
WEEE
1970
1980
1990
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2006
2005
2010
FOCUS of environmental legislation shifts from
production facility and product towards the
product use phase and end of life treatment
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Conclusion

• Provide ecological energy efficient
  technologies - HVAC R energy
  efficient solutions
• - Contribute with Heat Pumps and
  Heat Recovery in
• Refrigeration applications to
  the reduction of CO2 emissions
• - Optimize use of renewable energy
  sources
• - Solutions for energy demand
  control
• (eg ice or
  heat storage during night, peak load limitation
  control)
• - Total life cycle optimization,
  incl. containment of fluorinated
• greenhouse gases, waste
  prevention
• - Performance improvement of systems during
  the entire cooling heating season
  (incl. part load conditions)
• The stock of buildings and Refrigeration and Air
  Conditioning plants are the keys for the
  reduction of primary energy CO2 emissions

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Thank you for your attention
End
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Mobile A/C

• MAC Industry Actions9 December 2008Washington

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MAC Industry Actions9 December 2008
R-744 Way forward under VDA Publish detailed
findings for public review Reach global agreement
with environmental safety authorities on safe
passenger exposure limits, test methods, and
assumed interior CO2 baseline(s) Submit vehicle
safety mitigation strategy for regulatory
review Pursue SNAP conditional listing to open
global markets respecting US EPA
judgment Cooperate to resolve any problems
identified
R-1234yf Way forward under SAEPublish detailed
findings for public reviewIdentify technology
for near-zero refrigerant emissions and high
energy efficiency systems -Superior LCCP,
reliable systems, safely serviced-Put in place
standards that can be referenced in SNAP and/or
state approval of R-1234yfCooperate to resolve
any problems identified
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