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La paleontología y la evolución Tendencias
evolutivas
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La analogía del borracho
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Descendencia
Variación
Herencia
Selección
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La historia evolutiva de los foraminíferos
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Daniel W. McShea
QUÉ ES COMPLEJIDAD?
La complejidad de un sistema es función del
número de partes distintas que lo integran y de
la irregularidad de su disposición...
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2. Natural Selection additional factors, such
as the environment - this would best be
exemplified by Stephen Jay Gould's and Niles
Elderidge's PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM theory, which
holds that natural selection only works in short
spurts amongst long relatively stable periods of
stasis, lasting hundreds of millions of years, in
which species don't change.
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Evidence FOR Intelligent Design I think even
Richard Dawkins would not deny that complex
organisms are designed. (Of course Dawkins would
say that it was NATURE doing the designing, not
God - but who is he to say what God can and
cannot do??) To their credit, the Creationists DO
try to fully explain the reason why we see the
sudden appearance of complexity, and also they
provide a good explanation for the apparent
"directionality" towards complexity.
Evidence AGAINST Intelligent Design To be
honest, it seems most of the time the "evidence"
for intelligent design is more an appeal to
ignorance. For example, Behe will say things like
"no one has published a single paper about the
evolution of flagella". Even if this was true, it
does not at all necessarily imply (as Behe
insists) that there is evidence of divine
intervention (in fact there's been HUNDREDS of
papers published on this subject, but Behe
chooses to ignore them!)
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1. Natural Selection ("gradualism", or
traditional Darwinian evolution. One of the more
recent neo-Darwinists is Richard Dawkins).
Remember, there are THREE MAIN criteria necessary
for evolution to occur via natural selection (see
lecture notes from 25-Feb-98).
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Evidence AGAINST Natural Selection Even Darwin
himself strongly objected to the idea that
Natural Selection can explain ALL aspects of
evolution - in particular the apparent
"directionality" towards complexity. I personally
have a difficult time with Dawkins' assertion
that we are mere vehicles for DNA to replicate
itself - surely there must be more to life than
this!
Evidence FOR Natural Selection The FACT that
evolution can occur by natural selection is no
longer really questioned by most biologists - but
whether natural selection ALONE can explain the
evolution of complexity is a different issue.
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Evidence FOR Punctuated Equilibrium Again, there
are abundant FACTS within the fossil record that
evolution in a manner as proposed by Gould and
Elderidge. Actually, the theory of punctuated
equilibrium was first proposed on the basis of
paleontological findings.
Evidence AGAINST Punctuated Equilibrium As with
Dawkin's point of view, punctuated equilibrium
does not fully explain the reason why we see the
sudden appearance of complexity, nor does it
explain the apparent "directionality" towards
complexity.