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ERA EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA
TUBITAK, International Cooperation
Directorate Ankara, December 2000
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History

• 2 December 1999 Research Council
• 18 January 2000 Commission proposed the creation
  of ERA
• 23-24 March 2000 Lisbon European Council
  Endorsment of ERA project as a central component
  of the establishment of a European
  knowledge-based society
• 15 June 2000 Research Council meeting to take
  the necessary steps to make a start on realising
  project
• 18 May 2000 European Parliment supported the ERA
  project
• 4 October 2000 Communication - Making a Reality
  of the European Research Area
• 16 November 2000 Council meeting on Research

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Research Situation in Europe

• Europe might not successfully achieve the
  transition to a knowledge-based economy,
  because...
• Average EU research effort 1.8 of EU GDP vs 2.8
  in USA, 2.9 in Japan
• Increase in gap between total public and private
  expenditure on research in USA and Europe (60
  billion euro in 1998, 12 billion euro in 1992)
• Number of researchers only 2.5 in every thousand
  of industrial workforce in Europe, 6.7 in USA,
  6 in Japan
• Trade balance in high-tech products showing a
  deficit of EUR 20 billion/year in Europe over
  past ten years

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Research Situation in Europe

• If technological progress creates the jobs of
  tommorrow, it is research which creates the jobs
  of the day afer tomorrow...
• The number of degree-level European students in
  USA twice as high as the number of American
  students at that level in Europe, 50 of
  Europeans studying for a doctorate in USA, stay
  there for a long periods or forever.
• Research and technology account for 25 to 50 of
  economic growth a strong influence on
  competitiveness and employment and quality of
  life
• Current trends in research having a negative
  influence on development of employment in Europe
  in years ahead

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What is ERA?

• ERA will be a product of a joint effort by EU,
  its Members and research stakeholders...
• Creation of a frontier-free area for research
  where scientific resources creating jobs and
  increasing Europe's competitiveness
• A political concept between the Commission,
  Member States and intergovernmental institutions
  to build a European scientific community with
  links with European industry

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Aims

• RD is a key factor in competitiveness,
  employment and
• the quality of life...
• job creation
• economic growth
• obtaining maximum innovation benefits from
  national and EU research
• establishing a favorable environment for the
  creation and development of innovative enterprises

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Why is ERA Needed?

• Gap between the scientific world and the people
  at large is growing....and the main obstacles in
  EU are
• Europe's unfavourable legislative and economic
  environment
• mobility in Europe
• absence of ST references for policy
• lack of entrepreneurship in Europe
• "brain drain"
• shortages of trained Europeans
• negative attitude of the European public towards
  innovation
• lack of a sound research policy of Europe

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Why is ERA Needed?

• Due to recent research situation in Europe, EU
  needs
• real complementarity of research policies and
  programmes at all levels
• essential contribution of research to other EU
  policies (environment, food safety, regional
  development, or transport)
• scientific expertise increasingly needed in
  practically all policy areas
• solutions to problems in use of research
  results, patenting, intellectual property and
  associated issues

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Why is ERA Needed?

• ...and EU needs
• to go beyond present static structure 15 1
  (15 series of national programmes Framework
  Programmes)
• to develop a more coherent implementation of the
  actions of Member States at the national level,
  of the Union within the Framework Programme and
  other policy instruments, and of
  inter-governmental research organisations

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Building of a Research Area

• Framework programmes a strategic tool for
  establishing ERA
• Linking FPs with national activities
  intergovermental cooperation initiatives
• Decompartmentalization and better integration of
  Europes scientific and technological area
• Networking and opening-up by the autorities of
  national research programmes
• Establishment of network of exellence in public
  and private sector
• International and global dimension in European
  research activities

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Building of a Research Area

• Scientific excellence and European added
  value
• Setting up of large-scale targeted projects (
  including cluster projects ) particularly in
  industrial research
• Strengthening research infrastructures
• Link between research and innovation and the role
  of SMEs setting-up of technology based
  enterprises
• Strengthening links between research policies and
  the needs of society
• Strengthening Europes human resources for
  development of a knowledge-based economy

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Building of a Research Area

• Three important aspects while creating ERA...
• European scientific and technological
  cooperation
• better coordination of the activities of various
  organizations and between those activities and EU
  activities
• Regional dimension
• full use of dynamic and potential of the regions
  by networking and activities with regard to
  research, innovation and technology transfer,
  where common problems.
• International dimension
• to fully integrate the countries applying for
  accessions
• to enable European researchers and industry
  having access to knowledge and technologies
  produced elsewhere in the world
• to mobilise the EUs scientific and technological
  capacities

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Building of a Research Area

• New instruments to be developed...
• A broader programme-based approach
• Closer linkage with international structures and
  organizations for scientific cooperation (e.g.
  COST, EUREKA, ESF, etc.)
• Synergies with national research funding bodies
• Strategic projects
• Extension of activities in training and mobility
  or optimising infrastructures

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ERASPECIFIC THEMES OF ACTION
TUBITAK, International Cooperation
Directorate Ankara, December 2000
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1. A Stock of Material Resource and Facilities
Optimised at the European Level

• 1.1 Networking of centres of excellence and
  creation of virtual centres
• centres of excellence where research and
  technological development (RTD) performed at a
  very high, often world-class level
• mapping of European centres of excellence for
  better transparency in this area
• creation of virtual centres of excellence
  electronic networks involving universities and
  companies
• financing plan for centers of excellence on the
  basis of competition between public and private
  research operators

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1. A Stock of Material Resource and Facilities
Optimised at the European Level

• 1.2 Defining a European approach to research
  infrastructures
• large-scale infrastructures at European level a
  central role in the progress and application of
  knowledge in Europe (for example radiation
  sources, computer centres and databases on
  molecular biology)
• analysis of responsibilities as regards creation,
  operation and access Financial responsibilities
  and developing a European approach for creation
  of new installations functioning the existing
  facilities
• assesment of needs to be met at European level
  (including joint services)
• establishment of a framework for discussion

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1. A Stock of Material Resource and Facilities
Optimised at the European Level

• 1.3 Better use of potential offered by electronic
  networks
• virtual laboratories, remote operation of
  instruments, quasi-unlimited access to complex
  databases (for example, World Wide Web developed
  by a CERN researcher, to cover the needs of
  physicists)
• awareness-raising and training campaigns for
  researchers
• e-Europe initiative at the Helsinki Summit to
  promote maximum use of these networks by the
  community of researchers
• telematic network at larger capacity levels
• 34 Mbits/s, 155 Mbits/s now, and soon 622
  Mbits/s, the ultimate objective being to achive
  several Gbits/s

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2. More Coherent Use of Public Instruments and
Resources

• 2.1 More co-ordinated implementation of national
  and European research programmes (Concerted
  actions)
• adoption of the principle of reciprocal
  opening-up of national programmes extended to
  include applicant countries
• establishment of information exchange mechanisms
  on the objectives and content of national
  programmes
• support for initiatives to evaluate national
  activities by international panels
• 2.2 Closer relations between European
  organisations for scientific and technological
  co-operation
• cooperation between EU research programmes and
  organizations like ESF, ESA, EMBO, EMBL, CERN,
  ESO, ESRF, ILL, EUREKA, COST
• Council of senior officials for political
  consultation between these organisations

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3. More Dynamic Private Investment

• 3.1 Better use of instruments or indirect support
  to research
• to stimulate private investment in research and
  development
• to create researcher and technician posts in
  companies
• development of user-friendly information systems
  on existing media
• the exchange and spread of good practices to
  stimulate private investment in research,
  particularly among SMEs, and innovation
• 3.2 Development of effective tools to protect
  intellectual property
• national patents valid only in the Member States,
  costly system as an obstacle to widespread use of
  patents in Europe
• creation of a standard Community patent to cover
  all of the European territory
• greater consistency of the intellectual property
  systems used in public research programmes

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3. More Dynamic Private Investment

• 3.3 Encouragement of the creation of companies
  and risk capital investment
• creation of spin-offs from universities and
  development of incubators for technology
  companies (high tech companies by researchers and
  low a level of risk capital investment in
  high-tech sectors)
• finacing of initiatives by companies and
  industrial associations, national innovation
  programmes and European Investment Bank and
  EUREKA
• Initiatives be encouraged to bring scientisits,
  industrialist and financiers at all levels into
  contact Investment Forum
• national research centres and the JRC have
  joined forces to provide innovative start-up
  companies with the technical support and
  expertise they need to develop...

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4. A Common System of Scientific and Technical
Reference for Policy Implementation

• 4.1 Developing the research needed for political
  decisions
• science and technology in the policy-making
  process, trade negotiations and international
  discussions
• alignment of research on the major concerns of
  the individual and the decision-makers
  (environmental protection, food safety and
  chemical products or nuclear safety)
• 4.2 Establishment of a common system of
  scientific and technical reference
• the JRCs significant role in the development of
  a European scientific and technical reference
  area
• establishment of a common system of reference at
  Union level by aligning methods, harmonising
  procedures and comparing results

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5. More Abundant and More Mobile Human Resources

• 5.1 Greater mobility of researchers in Europe
• well-known way of training researchers and
  spreading knowledge
• an instrument of information and technology
  transfer
• cooperation between the academic world and the
  business world
• 5.2 Introduction of a European dimension into
  scientific careers
• establishing a career prospects for researchers
  from other European countries
• 5.3 Greater place and role for women in research
• implementation of the Women in Science action
  plan
• 5.4 Giving the young a taste for research and
  careers in science
• better teaching of science

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6. A Dynamic European Landscape, Open and
Attractive to Researchers and Investment

• 6.1 A reinforced role for the regions in the
  European research effort
• establishing the best ways of tranferring
  knowledge to the economic sector at regional
  level
• benchmarking of activities and measures
  undertaken to encourage research
• 6.2 Integration of the scientific communities of
  western and eastern Europe
• association of applicant countries in the Fifth
  Framework Programme for research
• improving research capacities of the countries
  for accession
• 6.3 Making Europe attractive to researchers from
  the rest of the world
• creation of a system of grants for scientists
  from third countries
• maximizing science and technology cooperation
  agreements between EU and third countries

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7. An Area of Shared Values

• 7.1 Tackling the questions of science and society
  in their European dimension
• a model of society combination of a market
  economy, a high level of social protection and
  quality of life and a number of principles, such
  as free access to knowledge
• a greater coherence of foresigth exercise on
  science/society questions technology/work
  relations or the principal options in terms of
  energy, environment and health
• dialogue between researchers, citizensi experts,
  industrial managers and political decision makers
• 7.2 Development of a shared vision of the ethical
  issues of science and technology
• comparision of criteria used in national and
  European programmes with the prospect of
  convergence around common principles while
  repecting cultural and moral differences

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Criteria and Priorities

• Two aspects to the question of selecting and
  justifying EU research activities...
• Public benefit
• European added value
• Research Priorities
• post-genome and into major illnesses
• nanotechnologies
• to develop the information society
• in the aeronautical and space sectors where there
  is considerable world competition
• European policymaking in areas characterized by
  the presence of strong uncertainties and risks
  (precaution principles)
• sustainable development model in the broadest
  sense

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Precaution Principles

• Precaution principles is a part of risk
  assessment and decision-making.
• Deciding what is an acceptable level of risk for
  scoiety is a political decision...
• When to act?
• reliable information making it possible to
  identify the potentially dangerous effects of a
  phenomenon, product or procedure
• scientific uncertainty making it impossible to
  correctly assess the potential risks for
  consumers
• How to act?
• collection of all available information and
  performing the fullest possible scientific
  assessment by identifying the missing data,
  hypotheses to compensate for the lack of data and
  the inevitable uncertainties
• conclusions of evaluation as grounds for
  deciding to rely on the precautionary principle

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Concluding Remarks

• Spin-offs from research such as action on patents
  and easier access to risk capital
• Benchmarking research to allow industry and
  people to compare different countries levels of
  expertise
• More large scale targeted projects
• Long term research projects
• Network of excellence in all areas
• Bringing all stakeholders together
• Collective research projects carried out for the
  benefit of many SMEs
• JRCs efforts focusing on activites in scientific
  and technical support of the Community polices
  and European policymaking

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Concluding Remarks

• Dual use research applications in both civil and
  defence sector
• Impact of measures on the whole research system
  Public and private research systems
• Complementary perspectives of Framework Programme
  and other intergovermental programmes
  (EUREKA,COST, etc.) Societal concerns and
  policy exercises in education, science and
  technology as well as market oriented
  requirements open to globalization
• Link between 6th Framework Programme and ERA

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Next Stages

• Proposals/analyses on following themes
• in parallel with 4 October 2000, guidelines paper
• a European space strategy
• benchmarking methodology and indicators (working
  papers)
• science, society and citizen
• by 31 December 2000
• research infrastructures
• mapping of excellence (working paper)
• in first half of 2001
• human resource and mobility
• regional dimension
• opening up to the rest of the world

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ASSESSMENT OF FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMESComments of
the Commission on the conclusion of the RTD
Framework Programmes 5Year-AssessmentOctober
19th 2000, COM(2000) 659 final
TUBITAK, International Cooperation
Directorate Ankara, December 2000
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Framework Programme

• Framework Programme alone will not be enough to
  serve the goals set at Lisbon...
• as tool to achieve the aims of the ERA
• only 5 of public spending on research in the EU
• the refocusing of European research programmes on
  problem solving
• Sixth Framework Programme having same priorities
  with ERA mobility of researchers or the
  networking of centres of excellence and
  infrastructures

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Recommendations

• ...but the scope of the Framework Programme
  should also be increased in line with the need to
  meet the Lisbon goals and the demands of
  enlargement..
• increasing the percentage of GDP spent in Europe
  on RTD to at least 3 over the next ten years
• maintaining the emphasis on social relevance and
  continuing to use Key Actions as a way of
  focusing programmes
• collaborative RTD projects
• emphasising excellence and the participation of
  leading-edge researchers
• encouraging participants to propose riskier
  projects
• encouraging the mobility of researchers within
  the EU and between the EU and elsewhere

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Recommendations

• retaining support for generic,
  competence-building RTD activities
• re-engineering existing structures and
  procedures
• more flexible, expanded Framework programme
• keeping the distinction between key actions and
  generic research within strategic RTD programmes
• promoting large scale and long term projects in
  Framework (EU contribution of EUR 700.000 on
  average for the 4th Framework Programme 1.7
  million for the 5th Framework Programme small
  scale and short duration)
• the promotion of private sector expenditure on
  RTD
• increasing the support for SMEs innovation and
  research efforts at regional and national level

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Improving Candidate Countries Participation in
Framework Programme

• A political consensus on the need of a global
  coherent action of all actors involved to result
  in the full integration of candidate countries
  into the ERA...
• The support of CCs involvement in the preparation
  and implementation of FP6 and ERA
• Low CCs national spending on RTD (GERD/GDP
  ratio) The increase of this ratio to 1 as a
  goal
• Restrictions in CCs legislative systems (making
  financing of cross-border co-operation very
  difficult, oblige industry to pay value added tax
  when participating in FP5 projects etc.)
• The recommendations of existing evaluations of
  CCS national RTD systems
• Development of regional innovation system

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Improving Candidate Countries Participation in
Framework Programme

• Co-funding by the Commission of RTD
  infrastructure capacity building (big investment)
  
• Assistance programmes for RTD for
  integration/synergy with Community policy
• Support for use of European Research facilities
• Actions to support a wider range of institutions
  having potential to become excellent and
  networking of centres of excellence
• Necessity of strategic research aiming at the
  readjustment of Science policy
• Support of innovative SMEs
• Establishment of venture capital