End of Exile

1
End of Exile

• Deutero-Isaiah, Trito-Isaiah, Haggai, Zechariah,
  and Malachi

2
The Experience of Exile

• In Jerusalem
• Lamentations 11-7
• In Exile
• Psalm 137
• The Change
• Neglect of Babylon by Nabonidus
• Rise of Cyrus the Persian

3
Second Isaiah
4
A Second Isaiah?

• No references to Isaiahs time
• Different literary style
• Exilic setting of text
• Would have been meaningless to Isaiahs hearers

• Emphasis on David, Holy One of Israel, etc.
• Similarities to Isaiah 35, 27, etc.

5
The Call

• Of the Prophet
• Isaiah 401-11
• Some themes picked up in Isaiah 55
• Of the Servant
• Isaiah 491-7
• Of Cyrus
• Isaiah 451-7

6
Israel

• And Cyrus
• Isaiah 412-10
• Cf. Ezra 11-4 61-5 Cyrus Cylinder
• And the Nations
• Isaiah 491-7

7
Servant of the Lord

• Poems and individual verses
• Isaiah 421-9
• Isaiah 5213 5312
• Identifications of servant(s)
• Israel
• Messiah
• Cyrus
• Prophet

8
Third Isaiah
9
What is this?

• Last portion of Isaiahs prophecy?
• Second Isaiahs later messages, upon his move to
  Judah?
• The message of an individual prophet in Palestine
  during Persian rule?
• Several different prophetic messages from
  different prophets?
• ???

10
Significant Themes

• Place for foreigners
• Isaiah 561-8
• Contrast some Ezra-Nehemiah
• Downgrading of temple and cult
• Isaiah 661-4
• Contrast Chronicles and Malachi
• True fasting
• Isaiah 581-12

11
Haggai and Zechariah
12
Time of Return

• Ezra and 1 Esdras
• Sheshbazzar time of Cyrus, ca. 539
• Jeshua priest and Zerubbabel governor
• time of Darius I, ca. 520
• Ezra 51-17 613-15
• Haggais message
• Build the temple 11-6
• Zerubbabel as ring 220-23

13
Book of Zechariah

• Zechariah the Prophet
• Zechariah 1 - 8
• Deutero-Zechariah
• Zechariah 9-14
• Book of the Twelve ends with anonymous
  prophecies, including Malachi

14
Significant Passages

• Jeshua and Zerubbabel
• Zechariah 31 410a
• Zechariah 69-15
• Place of the nations
• Zechariah 26-12
• Fasts and justice
• Zechariah 71-7 818-23

15
Malachi
16
My Messenger

• Who is Malachi?
• Malachi 11 31
• Dissatisfaction
• Lack of justice and faithfulness 213-17
• Liturgical sloppiness 16-14 24-9
• Gods promised provisions
• Messenger of the covenant 31-4
• Burning day / Elijah 41-6 (319-24)