End%20of%20Spanish%20Rule

1
End of Spanish Rule

• Chapter 6

2
Vocabulary

• Alliance
• Filibuster
• Liberation
• Republic
• Vaquero
• Lariat

3
Spanish Texas 1763-1819

• Section 1

4
Spain Acquires Louisiana

• After the Seven Years War (1756-1763), the
  Treaty of Paris was signed.
• Spain received New Orleans and all French land
  west of the Mississippi (Louisiana).
• The boundary between the Spanish territory and
  foreign territory was the Mississippi River.

5
Spain Closes East Texas Missions

• Since Spain controlled the land west of
  present-day Texas, they felt that there was no
  need to have missions and presidios in East
  Texas.
• The Spanish government sent the Marqués de Rubì,
  a Spanish officer, to investigate the need for
  missions.
• After traveling through New Spain, he realized
  that there was a great difference between what
  Spain claimed and what it controlled.
• He suggested that Spain abandon all its missions
  in Texas except those at San Antonio and Goliad.
  
• He recommended that Spanish settlers in East
  Texas should move closer to San Antonio for
  protection.
• He asked for a line of 15 forts stretching across
  northern Mexico from near Laredo to the Gulf of
  California.
• In 1773, the new Spanish governor of Texas, the
  Baron de Ripperda closed the missions and ordered
  the 500 settlers to move to San Antonio.
• Rubì wanted Spain to create an alliance, or
  working agreement, with the Comanche so that they
  could both fight against the Apaches.

6
Nacagdoches Founded

• The leader of the East Texans, Gil Ybarbo (HEEL
  ee BAHR boh), pleaded for permission for all the
  families to return to their former homes.
• Governor de Ripperda refused, but allowed them to
  settle along the Trinity River.
• In 1774, they settled near present-day
  Madisonville. They named their town Bucareli
  after a Spanish lieutenant general and viceroy.
• The small colony did well for four years.
• Then crop failure, a smallpox epidemic, and
  conflict with the Comanche forced the colonists
  to move.
• In 1779, Ybarbo led the settlers back into the
  East Texas area where they built the town of
  Nacogdoches near the abandoned Mission Guadalupe.
  

7
Settlers Face Many Dangers

• Spain tried to colonize Texas throughout the late
  1700s, but conflict with the Apaches and Comanche
  interfered.
• Spain did not have enough troops to safeguard the
  area and therefore, Spain was losing its hold on
  Texas.
• In the 1790s, Spain stopped funding the Texas
  missions and insisted that the churches support
  themselves.
• Governor Domingo Cabello said
• There is not an instant by day or night when
  reports do not arrive from all these ranches of
  barbarities and disorders falling on us. Totally
  unprotected as we are, they will result in the
  absolute destruction and loss of this province.

8
Spain Helps the American Colonists

• At the same time that the Spanish were
  struggling, Americans east of the Mississippi
  River were fighting for independence from Great
  Britain.
• During this time, both France and Spain supported
  the colonists.
• Bernardo de Galvez, governor of Spanish-held
  Louisiana, opened the port of New Orleans.
• Here, American ships were supplied weapons,
  clothing, money, and medical supplies.
• Spain entered the war in 1779 and raised an army
  of soldiers from Spain, Mexico, and Cuba.
• This army kept New Orleans and the lower
  Mississippi Valley out of British hands.

9
Treaty of Paris 1783

• After the American Revolution, British and
  American leaders signed a peace treaty.
• Great Britain recognized the U.S. as an
  independent nation.
• The new nations boundaries were set at Canada in
  the North, the Mississippi River in the West, and
  Florida in the South.
• Spains claim to Florida was reconfirmed, and
  both the U.S. and Great Britain were granted
  trading rights on the Mississippi.

10
(No Transcript)
11
The United States Buys Louisiana

• In 1800, Spain was forced to give Louisiana back
  to France.
• Three years later, in 1803, the U.S. purchased
  the Louisiana Territory from France for about 15
  million.
• The territory doubled the size of the U.S.
• This is known as the infamous Louisiana Purchase.
  
• The Americans, previously colonists in 1760, had
  began moving westward to the Appalachian
  Mountains.
• During the Revolution they migrated over the
  mountains into Tennessee and Kentucky.
• With the purchase of Louisiana, Anglos pushed
  across the Mississippi toward Spanish-held Texas.
  

12
Diputes About Boundaries

• U.S. claimed that the boundary between Spanish
  Texas and Louisiana extended at least to the
  Sabine River and possibly include Texas.
• Spain claimed that the eastern boundary was a
  line from the Arroyo Hondo to the Calcasieu (KAL
  kuh shoo) River in Louisiana.
• Finally James Wilkinson, the commander of United
  States forces in Louisiana, and Colonel Simon de
  Herrera, the commander of Spanish troops in East
  Texas compromised.
• Neither Spain nor the U.S. would occupy the area
  between the Sabine River and the Arroyo
  Hondo-Calcasieu line.
• This territory became the Neutral Ground.
• In 1819, the U.S. and Spain signed the
  Adams-Onis Treaty.
• Spain transferred Florida to the U.S. and agreed
  to the Sabine River as the eastern boundary.
• The U.S. surrendered all claims to Texas.
• The Neutral Ground was now in U.S. territory.

13
(No Transcript)
14
Unrest Grows in Texas

• Section 2

15
Hidalgo Calls for Independence

• Mexicans were unhappy under Spanish rule.
• The best jobs were reserved for men sent from
  Spain.
• Spain increased Mexican taxes to help pay for
  wars in Europe.
• September 16, 1810 Father Miguel Hidalgo y
  Costilla issued a call for freedom from Spain
  (grito).
• For a while, he tried capturing Mexico City.
• In 1811, he was captured and executed.
• Juan Bautista de las Casas seized San Antonio and
  other Texas towns.
• Juan Zambrano caputured Casas on March 2, 1811
  and the Spanish regained control over Texas.

16
Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition

• Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara was sent to the U.S.
  for money and supplies.
• His plan was to invade Texas and free it from
  Spanish rule.
• He recruited soldiers to help in the liberation,
  or freeing, of Texas.
• Augustus Magee, an American lieutenant, resigned
  and joined Gutiérrez.
• Their goal was to form a republic a government
  in which the people voted for who would represent
  them.
• The army was called the Republican Army of the
  North.
• August 1812 the army (Gutiérrez, Magee,
  Tejanos, Native Americans, and Anglo Americans)
  crossed the Sabine River and captured
  Nacogdoches.
• The army 300 strong captured Goliad in
  November
• Spanish fought back and Magee died Samuel
  Kemper replaced him.

17
Spanish Surrender and One Last Fight

• By February, the Spanish troops suffered heavy
  losses.
• They retreated from Goliad toward San Antonio.
• Kemper and his men chased the retreating Spanish
  troops.
• Spanish troops were defeated on March 29, 1813.
• Spanish officials surrendered San Antonio.
• The leaders of the Republican army issued a
  declaration of independence for Texas.
• August 1813 Spanish forces led by General
  Joaquìn de Arredondo fought the Republican army
  near the Medina River (20 miles south of S.A.).
• The Spanish won.
• Goliad and Nacogdoches were now deserted.

18
Revolutionaries and Pirates

• Some revolutionaries found safe ground on
  Galveston Island.
• They secured the aid of the French pirate Louis
  Michael Aury (OH ree).
• For several months Aury captured Spanish vessels
  along the coast of Texas.
• Aury sailed on to Florida where he joined British
  adventurers trying to seize that area from the
  Spanish.
• Pirate Jean Laffite took over Galveston Island.
• He pretended to support Mexican troops, but he
  really wanted the valuable cargo on Spanish
  ships.
• He fled south to the Caribbean Islands.
• Legend has it that he buried a treasure of gold
  and silver on one of the islands along the Gulf
  Coast, but the treasure has never been found.

19
Spain Exiles French Colonists

• A group of French colonists led by Charles
  François Lallemand (frahn SWAH lahl leh MAHN)
  settled on the Trinity River near present-day
  Liberty.
• With 120 men and women, Lallemand buitl two small
  forts.
• The Spanish governor in Texas sent troops to
  remove the colonists.
• Fearing this threat, the French colonists
  abandoned the colony in July 1818.

20
James Long Invades Texas

• James Long of Natchez, Mississippi, was angry
  with the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819.
• In the Summer of 1819, Long led a force into
  Texas and captured the nearly-deserted town of
  Nacogdoches.
• He declared Texas free and independent and was
  elected president.
• Long traveled to Galveston to ask Laffite for
  help, but he refused.
• During this trip, Longs men were attacked and
  defeated in East Texas.
• Long returned to New Orleans for more recruits
  and invaded Texas by sea.
• Long and his army captured Goliad, but were
  surrounded by Spanish troops and forced to
  surrender.
• Long was taken to Mexico City, where he was
  killed by a guard.

21
Spanish Rule Ends in Texas

• Section 3

22
Texas at the End of Spain's Rule

• In September 1821, Mexico became independent from
  Spain.
• Texas had been under Spanish rule for over 300
  years, but not much growth occurred.
• Settlements included San Antonio, Goliad,
  Nacogdoches, Laredo (not considered part of
  Texas), and Ysleta (considered part of New
  Mexico).

23
Spanish Neglect

• Reasons why settler were not attracted to Texas
• No gold or silver to lure fortune hunters.
• Mexico City was already developed into a
  sophisticated city (universities, artist,
  physicians, etc.).
• Politicians knew they needed Mexico City if they
  wanted to get ahead.
• Farmers and cattle ranchers preferred more
  fertile areas of Mexico and the Pacific slopes of
  California.
• There was still plenty of room in the
  well-established regions of Mexico.
• Native Americans in Texas were unfriendly,
  whereas Native Americans in Mexico were friendly.
  

24
Spanish Legacy

• The Spanish left their mark in Texas. How?
• Many places in Texas have Spanish names.
• Amarillo, El Paso, San Antonio, Llano, Del Rio
  Ganado, Laredo, etc.
• The Spaniards laid out the first roads.
• El Camino Real, a.k.a. the Royal Highway, ran
  through Nacogdoches and San Antonio where it
  branched to San Juan Bautista and Laredo before
  meeting up in Saltillo.
• Atascocita oad in 1760 was used for military
  purposes. It runs through present-day Beaumont,
  Liberty, and Houston. It connected Texas to
  Louisiana. Today, HW 90 follows a similar path.
  
• Horses, cattle, sheep, and pig were brought into
  Texas.
• Along with these came lariats and chaps.
• Vaqueros created the first long cattle drives
  from South Texas to markets in Louisiana.
• Spanish customs were adapted.
• This helped create the Tejano culture that we
  still know today.
• Nearly six million Texans today have Spanish
  names.
• Many more speak, read, and write Spanish.