Chapter 32: The end of the Cold War

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Chapter 32 The end of the Cold War the
Challenge of Economic Development and Immigration
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• Postcolonial crises Asian economic expansion
• Proxy Wars US/USSR financed/armed rival
  factions
• Revolutions, Repression, and Democratic Reform in
  Latin America
• Cuban resistance to the US emboldened Latin
  American leaders
• Brazilian Solution dictator, violent
  repression, government promoted industry
• Chile Salvador Allende socialist reforms and
  nationalized industry
• Gen Pinochet overthrows Allende (socialist,
  nationalized US copper mines) supported by US
• Argentina Juan Peron remarries (Isabella) make
  her his VP and dies, military seizes power
• Dirty Wars (against terrorism) 9k Argentines
  die/tortured
• Revolution/counter revolution in Central America
• Nicaragua Sandinistas command economy,
  nationalized foreign property
• Prez Reagan supported Contras
• Sandinistas lose in general election
• El Salvador rebels bring US support to corrupt
  government
• US influence in Latin America Grenada Panama

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• Postcolonial crises Asian economic expansion
  continued
• Islamic Revolutions in Iran Afghanistan
• Shah of Iran Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, kept in
  power with support of CIA (1953)
• Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini Shite Imam exiled
  to France incites protests, shah leaves
• Establishes theocratic parliament
• Ayatollah has supreme power
• US seen as great Satan (Israel the little
  Satan)
• Takes over the US embassy and holds them for 444
  days
• Attempt to Free them via a daring rescue attempt
• Freed on Prez Reagans inaugurationhmmm
• Iraq Saddam Hussein attacks Iran launches the
  beginning of 8 year war
• Soviet invasion of Afghanistan1979-89, resistance
  mujahidin
• Saudi sponsored Al-Qaeda
• Pakistan sponsored Taliban
• US sponsored Northern Alliance

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• Postcolonial crises Asian economic expansion
  continued
• Asian Transformation
• Japanese Economic Expansion Crisis
• Keiretsu economic alliances between banks and
  corporations
• No need to pay for defense more money for
  industry
• Doing good until recession in the 1990s mixed
  with corruption
• South Korea imitated keiretsu of Japan
• Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea became
  industrial powerhouses Asian Tigers
• Newly Industrialized Economies (NIE)
  disciplined, hard working, educated workforces
• China rejoins the world economy
• Deng Xiaoping allows foreign investment and
  individuals to accumulate wealth
• In response to the fall of the USSR (1989),
  Chinese students gather in Tiananmen Square

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• The End of the Bipolar World
• Crisis in the Soviet Union
• Brezhnev Vs. Reagan arms buildup flat-lines
  USSR
• Mikhail Gorbachev replaces Brezhnev (1985)
• Glasnost political openness
• Perestroika economic restructuring
• Collapse of the Socialist Bloc
• Solidarity (1980) shipyard labor union in
  Poland, encouraged by Polish pope John Paul II
• Communism overthrown in Eastern Europe 1989
• Warsaw Pact Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia,
  Bulgaria opt out
• Romania Nicolae Ceausescu wife face firing
  squad
• The end of the Soviet Union
• 1990 Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia declare
  independence Soviet troops occupy
• Hard-liners kidnap Gorbachev, seize army and
  circle Parliament building
• Boris Yeltsin (Russian President) talks army down
• Soviet Union gone, Commonwealth of Independent
  States (CIS) in
• End of Yugoslavia 1991- Serbs begin to
  ethnically cleanse Bosnia-Herzegovina
• 1999 NATO forces begin air campaign to dislodge
  Serbs from Kosovo

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• The End of the Bipolar World continued
• Progress and conflict in Africa
• 1994 Nelson Mandela and ANC win election end
  of apartheid
• Democracy returns to Nigeria and Kenya
• Genocide in Rwanda 1994 Hutus slaughter 750k
  Tutsis
• The Persian Gulf War (1990)
• Saddam Hussein invades oil rich Kuwait, US leads
  coalition to remove him in 1991

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• The challenge of Population Growth
• Demographic Transition
• Thomas Malthus theories revisited because of
  population growth
• Demographic transition change in the rates of
  population growth
• The politics of population governments
  encouraging/discouraging birth rates
• Rhythms of World population developed nations,
  falling birth rates
• HIV/AIDS heaviest in Africa
• The industrialized Nations
• The aging population of the industrial world
  pig in a python
• Developing Nations
• India China account for 1/3rd of earths
  population
• Old Young Populations
• Population pyramids

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• Unequal development and the movement of Peoples
• The Problem of Growing Inequality
• Rich Poor Nations calls for wealth
  redistribution
• Wealth seen as bad?
• Global Migration
• The politics of immigration high fertility
  rates amongst immigrants
• Technological and Environmental Change
• New technologies and the World Economy
• Technology and economic growth computers have
  transformed the economies of the world
• Globalization transnational corporations
  emerging (Levi, Coca-Cola, etc.)
• Conserving sharing resources
• Need to be careful that the industrialized
  nations dont consume the non-industrialized
• Responding to environmental threats
• Environmental Reforms in the developed World
• Using industrialized nations to fund global
  improvements