??????? ----An Introduction

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???????----An Introduction

• Production Operations Management

• Dr. Jinxing Xie
• Department of Mathematical Sciences
• Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
• http//faculty.math.tsinghua.edu.cn/jxie
• Email jxie_at_ math.tsinghua.edu.cn
• Voice (86-10)62787812 Fax [phone]
• Office Rm. 1202, New Science Building

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Outline

• What is Prod. Operations Management (POM)?
• Definition of OM
• OM vs. OR/MS vs. SS/SE vs. IE/EM
• The Heritage of OM
• What Operations Managers do?
• Exciting New Trends in OM
• Research Methods
• Academic Societies
• OM Related Journals

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What is Operations Management?

• ?????????(???)???????????????????????????
• OM is the set of activities that creates goods
  and services by transforming inputs into outputs.
• OM is the business function that manages that
  part of a business that transforms raw materials
  and human inputs into goods and services of
  higher value. (narrow view)

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OM????
???????? ???????? ????????
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OM vs. OR/MS vs. SS/SE vs. IE/EM

• ????????????(????)
• OR/MS????????????????????
• SS/SE?????????????
• IE/EM????????????????,??????(???????)

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The Heritage of OM
? ?

• 1776-1880 ????
• ??? ??????
• 1880-1910??????
• Gantt???/???????????
• 1910-1980???????
• ???????????PERT/CPMMRP
• 1980-1995??????
• JITTQMEDICAD/CAM/CAPP
• 1995-???????????
• ??????(INTERNETE-Commerce)
• ????BPRERP???????
• ?????(SCM)??(Logistics)

??
??
????, OM???50???60???
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What Operations Managers do?(Top 10 Research
Directions)

• Goods and services design
• What product should we offer?
• How should we design these products and services?
• Managing quality
• Who is responsible for quality?
• How do we define the quality we want in our
  service or product?
• Process and capacity design
• What process will these products require and in
  what order?
• What equipment and technology is necessary for
  these processes?

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What Operations Managers do?(Top 10 Research
Directions)

• Location strategies
• Where should we put the facility?
• On what criteria should we bas the location
  decision?
• Layout design
• How should we arrange the facility?
• How large must the facility be to meet our plan?
• Human resources and job design
• How do we provide a reasonable work environment?
• How much can we expect our employees to produce?
• Supply chain management
• Should we buy or produce the component?
• Who are our suppliers and who can integrate into
  our e-commerce program?

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What Operations Managers do?(Top 10 Research
Directions)

• Inventory control
• How much inventory of each item should we have?
• When do we reorder?
• Intermediate, short-term, and project scheduling
• Is subcontracting production a good idea?
• Are we better off keeping people on the payroll
  during slowdowns?
• Maintenance
• Who is responsible for maintenance?

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Exciting New Trends in OM
Local or national focus
Global focus, international OM
Batch (large) shipments
Just-in-time shipments
Supply chain partners, ERP, e-Commerce
Low-bid purchasing
Rapid product development, alliances
Lengthy product development
Standardized products
Mass customization
Empowered employees, teams, and lean production
Job specialization
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Important Research Field - Service Operations
Management

• Intangible
• Produced and consumed simultaneously
• Unique
• High customer interaction
• Inconsistent product definition
• Knowledge-based
• Dispersed
• Difficult to automate
• Difficult to measure quality
• .

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Research Methods
Strategic
Qualitative
Tactic
Quantitative
Operational
Levels of Decision
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Research Methods

• Empirical
• Case study
• Survey
• Panel study
• Database
• Theoretic models
• Deterministic models
• Uncertainty models
• Simulation
• Expert system (knowledge model)

• Simulation
• Motivation and Objective
• Experiment design
• Independent variables
• Dependent variables
• Simulation run
• Data analysis
• Findings
• Insights

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? ? OR/MS ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
????
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Motivation,Formulation,Solution,Validation
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Academic Societies

• Dedicated
• INFORMS (A meager of ORSA and TIMS )
• In particular, MSOM (Manufacturing and Service
  OM)
• POM (Production and Operations Management
  Society)
• EUROMA (European Operations Management
  Association)
• Related
• Academy of Management
• DSI (Decision Sciences Institute)
• APICS (American Production and Inventory Control
  Society)
• IIE (Institute of Industrial Engineering)
• EURO (European Operational Research Society)

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Manufacturing and Service Operations Management
Society

• Established March 1999, Newest within INFORMS
• Membership 950, Largest within INFORMS
• Society Webpage http//msom.society.informs.org
• The methods which MSOM members apply in order to
  help the operations function add value to
  products and services are derived from a wide
  range of scientific fields, including operations
  research and management science, mathematics,
  economics, statistics, information systems and
  artificial intelligence.

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Source of References

• Top journal
• Operations Research (OR) Management
  Science (MS)
• Quasi-Top journal
• Manufacturing and Service Operations Management
  (MSOM)
• IIE Transactions (IIET)
• Naval Research Logistics (NRL)
• Mathematics of Operations Research (MOR)
• Journal of operations management (JOM)
• Operations Research Letters (ORL)
• Major journal
• European Journal of Operational Research (EJOR)
• Production and Operations
  Management (POM)
• International Journal of Production Research
  (IJPR)
• International Journal of Production Economics
  (IJPE)
• Journal of the Operational Research Society
  (JORS)
• COR(Computers OR) CIE
  (Computers IE)
• Production Plan and Control (PPC)

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OM Related Journals
?Relevance Ranks (1999, JOM)
Quality?

• JOM (J. of OM)
• IJOPM (Int. J. Op. Prod. Mgmt.)
• POM (Prod. OM)
• IJPR (Int. J. of Prod. Research)
• IJPE (Int. J. of Prod. Economics)
• PIMJ (Prod. Invent. Mgmt. J.)
• MS (Management Sciences)
• HBR (Harvard Business Rev.)
• EJOR
• Sloan Mgmt. Review (MIT)

• MS (SSCI, SCI)
• OR (SCI)
• JOM
• IJOPM
• IJPR (SCI)
• POM (SCI)
• EJOR(SCI, SSCI)
• HBR
• Academy of Mgmt. Journal
• DS (Decision Sciences) (SSCI)

• MSOM

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Course Notes Information

• http//faculty.math.tsinghua.edu.cn/jxie/courses/
  pom/
• Please also visit the courses Webpage
• in ???????? frequently
• for
  further information.
• At the end of the course, you should submit a
  course report to me.

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• Thank you very much for your attendance!

• THE END