STAAR Review

1
STAAR Review

• Category 3-Earth Space
• Students demonstrate an understanding of
  components, cycles, patterns, and natural events
  of Earth and space systems.

2
Plate Tectonics History

• 1st Wegeners theory of Continental
  Driftcontinents move slowly from Pangaea to
  present
• 2nd Sea Floor Spreadingmagma wells up forcing
  the sea floor apart forming mid-ocean ridge
  (convection currents)
• 3rd Theory of Plate TectonicsEarths crust is
  broken into parts called plates that move or
  float on top of the mantle

8.9A
3
Sea Floor Spreading
8.9A
4
Sea Floor Spreading Evidence

• Rocks close to mid-ocean ridge are very young
• age of rocks continues to increase the further
  away from the ridge
• Iron bearing minerals record Earths magnetic
  field reversing
• these rocks show same field direction equal
  distance either side of the mid ocean ridge

8.9A
5
Continental Plates
6
Plate Tectonics
Divergent Plate Boundary
Transform Plate Boundary
Convergent Plate Boundary
Trench-formed where one plate subducts under
another
Sea Floor Spreading
Subduction Zone
8.9B
7
Rift Valley
long, deep valley bound by normal faults forms where Earths crust being pulled apart can appear on land or beneath bodies of water, where two plates are separating on ocean floor between mid-ocean ridges, where new ocean crust is forming.
8.9B
8
Think-Pair-Share

• Explain the history leading up to the Theory of
  Plate Tectonics.
• Describe how plate movements create crustal
  landforms.

9
Topographic Maps

• Show elevation
• Uses contour lines
• Can be used to identify landforms

10
Satellite View
11
Earths Rotation

• rotates (spins) on its axis
• rotates counter-clockwise
• takes 24 hrs per rotation
• gives us day night.

8.7A
12
Earths Revolution

• orbits around the sun
• takes 365.25 days
• axis tilt and revolution causes seasons

8.7A
13
The Moon

• Rotates on its axis once every 29.5 days
• Revolves around the Earth once every 29.5 days
• Therefore, we always see the same side of the
  moon
• Moon revolves counterclockwise

8.7B
14
Moon Phases

• We see the moon because it reflects light from
  the sun
• phases caused by moons revolution around the
  Earth
• phases are named for the lit portion of the moon
• Waxing getting lighter Waning getting darker
• Crescent Gibbous refer to the shape of the
  light being reflected

New Moon no reflected light Full Moon full
circle of reflected light
8.7B
15
What Comes Next?

1. What phase comes immediately after a full moon?
2. Which position would you find it?

8.7B
16
Tides

• Caused by gravitational pull of Sun Moon
• Moon is much closer has more influence

• Spring Tides higher high tides lower low
  tides than average
• Sun-Moon-Earth are aligned
• Neap Tides lower high tides higher low tides
  than average
• Sun-Earth-Moon at right angle

8.7C
17
8.8A
18
HR Diagram

• Brightest star?
• Hottest star?
• Smallest star?
• Name a
• red supergiant
• white main sequence
• white dwarf

8.8A
19
The Milky Way Galaxy
You are here.

• What units would you use to measure the distance
  from our Sun to the center of our galaxy?

8.8B, 8.8D
20
Universal Knowledge

1. Rotation causes _?_.
2. Seasons are caused by _?_.
3. Spring tides occur in what moon phases?
4. List the components of the universe from smallest
   to largest.
5. Name two things about stars that we can get from
   a Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram.

21
Reminders

• Plate tectonics is the movement of crustal plates
  which alters landforms formation of rift
  valleys, mountain building, and other landform
  changes
• The moon goes through a cycle of changes both
  visually (phases) and forces acting on the Earth
  (tides)
• The Universe is made of many parts including
  nebulae, stars, planets, and moons
• Distance in the universe are measured in
  light-years.
• Any questions???