5 Levels of Organization

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5 Levels of Organization
Pages 524-525
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5 Levels of Organization

• Cells
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ Systems
• Organism

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Cells

• Cells are the smallest level of organization in
  living things.

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Tissue

• Cells Cells Tissue
• There are 4 types of tissue in your body
• Connective (bone, blood)
• Nerve
• Epithelial (skin, linings)
• Muscle

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Organ

• Tissue Tissue Organ
• Organs are what we usually think about when we
  think about parts of the body

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Organ

• Connective tissue makes up organs like the bones,
  blood vessels, tendons, ligaments, etc

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Organ

• Nerve Tissue Makes up organs like the brain,
  spinal cord, and nerves.

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Organ

• Epithelial Tissue makes up organs like the skin,
  hair, and fingernails

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Organ

• Muscle tissue makes up organs like the heart,
  stomach, kidneys, lungs, biceps, etc

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Organ System

• Organ Organ Organ System
• You have 11 organ systems in your body.

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11 organ systems of the body
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Organ Systems

• 1- Integumentary System
• The integumentary system is a temperature
  regulator, sensory system, and protects the
  organism. (first line of defense.)
• Skin, hair, and fingernails are some organs that
  make up the integumentary system.

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Organ Systems

• Integumentary system facts
• Skin is the largest organ in your body.
• Skin is 16 of your body weight
• You completely replace your skin cells about once
  per month.
• About 90 of dust in your house is dead skin
  cells.
• Hair is the fastest growing organ in the body
• Average s of hairs
• redheads 80,000
• Brown/black 100,000
• Blondes 120,000
• Fingernails grow faster during the summer and on
  your dominant hand.

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Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your
  integumentary system?
• How long do you think you could survive?

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Organ Systems

• 2- Muscular system
• The muscular system allows us to move
• Biceps, triceps, hamstring, and quadriceps, are
  all organs in the muscular system.

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Organ Systems

• Muscular system facts
• The busiest muscles in your muscular system are
  your eyes. They move more than 100,000 times per
  day!
• The largest muscle in your body is the gluteus
  maximus
• It takes 17 muscles to smile and 42 to frown.
• Muscles cant push, they can only pull.
• Muscles cant function without calcium.

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Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your
  muscular system?
• How long do you think you could survive?

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Organ Systems

• 3- Skeletal system
• The skeletal system provides support and
  protection for vital organs.
• Bones, ligaments, and tendons are some organs
  that make up a skeletal system.

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Organ Systems

• Skeletal system facts
• Your body has about 206 bones although you were
  born with over 300 bones.
• You have the same number of bones in your neck as
  a giraffe does!
• Bone marrow makes blood cells, but bones are
  alive, and would die without blood.
• The longest bone in your body is your femur.
  (Thigh)
• Your bones are about 60 calcium compounds.
• Over half of the bones in your entire body are in
  your hands and feet.

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Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your
  skeletal system?
• How long do you think you could survive?

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Organ Systems

• 4- Nervous system
• The nervous system sends messages that control
  body functions
• The brain, spinal cord, and nerves are some
  organs in the nervous system.

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Organ Systems

• Nervous system facts
• Your nervous system functions using electricity.
• Messages can travel through your neurons at
  speeds of 250 mph!
• The avg. of neurons in a human brain is 100
  billion.
• The longest neuron (nerve cell) known to man is
  15 feet long (in a giraffe leg).
• If you lined up all the neurons in your body, it
  would stretch 600 miles!
• An adult human brain weighs about 3 pounds.

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Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your
  nervous system?
• How long do you think you could survive?

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Organ Systems

• 5- Endocrine System
• The endocrine system produces chemicals that
  control the body (ex. Hormones)
• The adrenal glands, pituitary gland (in brain),
  thyroid, and pancreas are all organs in the
  endocrine system.

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Organ Systems

• Endocrine system facts
• Steroids, insulin, and adrenaline are 3 of the
  30 hormones made by your body.
• It only takes a tiny bit of a hormone to cause a
  very large reaction
• Physical growth, hyperactivity, depression,
  stress, hunger and many other emotions are linked
  to hormone production.

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Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your
  endocrine system?
• How long do you think you could survive?

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Organ Systems

• 6- Cardiovascular system (circulatory)
• The cardiovascular system carries food and oxygen
  to the cells, and carries carbon dioxide away
  from the cells.
• Your heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries, are
  organs in the cardiovascular system.

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Organ Systems

• Cardiovascular system facts
• The heart beats about 3,000,000,000 times during
  an average lifetime.
• You have thousands of miles of blood vessels and
  arteries in your body. (you could wrap them
  around the world twice.
• You have about 5 million red blood cells, 10,000
  white blood cells, and 250,000 platelets in 1
  drop of blood.
• Arteries take blood away from the heart, and
  veins return it to the heart.
• Moving helps return blood to your heart
• You do NOT have blue blood!

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Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your
  cardiovascular system?
• How long do you think you could survive?

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Organ Systems

• 7- Lymphatic system
• (Immune system)
• The lymphatic system returns leaked fluids to
  blood vessels, and helps fight off germs.
• Lymph nodes, lymph vessels, thymus, spleen, and
  tonsils are all organs in the lymphatic system.

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Organ Systems

• Lymphatic system facts
• Your lymph system releases white blood cells to
  fight off infection.
• Your lymph nodes swell up when the fill up with
  white blood cells (when you are sick)
• Your spleen helps break down and recycle RBCs.
• Your lymph system returns about ½ cup of lymph
  fluid to the heart per hour.
• Domestic birds dont have lymph nodes.
• Most of your lymph nodes are in your armpits,
  neck, and groin.

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Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your
  lymph system?
• How long do you think you could survive?

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Organ Systems

• 8- Respiratory system
• The respiratory system exchanges oxygen for
  carbon dioxide. (O2 in and CO2 out).
• Lungs, Bronchi, trachea, and diaphragm are all
  organs in the respiratory system.

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Organ Systems

• Respiratory system facts
• You breathe in 21 oxygen and .4 Carbon dioxide,
  you breathe out 16 oxygen and 4 carbon dioxide.
• You have the same surface area on you lungs as a
  tennis court.
• You breathe out about ½ of a liter of water per
  day.
• Your right lung is slightly larger than your
  left.

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Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your
  respiratory system?
• How long do you think you could survive?

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Organ Systems

• 9- Digestive System
• The digestive system breaks food down into
  nutrients that can be absorbed by the body.
• The mouth, liver, stomach, and intestines are
  some of the organs in the digestive system.

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Organ Systems

• Digestive system facts
• The average stomach can hold about 1.5 liters of
  food.
• Your intestines are lined with tiny projections
  called villi. They increase the surface area of
  your intestines so you can absorb as much as
  possible.
• Your intestines are about 15 meters long!
• Food stays in your stomach for 2-4 hours.

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Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your
  digestive system?
• How long do you think you could survive?

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Organ Systems

• 10- Urinary System
• (excretory)
• The urinary system removes waste from the blood
  and regulates body fluids.
• Kidneys, ureters, and the bladder are all organs
  in the urinary system.

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Organ Systems

• Urinary system facts
• Your bladder can hold about 400 ml of urine.
• The blood in your body passes through each kidney
  400 times per day.
• The kidneys use osmosis to control the amount of
  water in the blood.
• Caffeine and alcohol are diuretics, which means
  that they suppress the part of your brain that
  tells your body that you need to retain water.
  (increases urination - dehydration)

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Organ Systems

• How would your life be different without your
  urinary system?
• How long do you think you could survive?

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Organ Systems

• 11- Reproductive system
• The reproductive system enables the organism to
  produce offspring
• Ovaries and uterus in a female and testes in a
  male are organs in the reproductive system.

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Organ Systems

• Reproductive system facts
• The largest cell in the human female body is the
  egg in the ovaries.
• An adult male makes about 500 million sperm per
  day. A female is born with about 600,000
  immature eggs.
• A female body is capable of giving birth to 35
  children in her lifetime.

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Organ Systems

• Which organ system do you think is most
  important?
• Which organ systems couldnt function without
  other organ systems?

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Quiz time!

• Which level of organization do each of the
  following pictures belong to?

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Quiz time!
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Quiz time!