William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition

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William Stallings Computer Organization and
Architecture6th Edition

• Chapter 1Introduction

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Architecture Organization 1

• Architecture is those attributes of a system
  visible to the programmer
• Instruction set, number of bits used for data
  representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing
  techniques.
• e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
• Organization is how features are implemented
• Refers to the operational units and their
  interconnections that realize the architectural
  specification.
• Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.
• e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it
  done by repeated addition?

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Architecture Organization 2

• Many computer manufacturers offer a family of
  computer models, all with the same architecture
  but with differences in organization.
• All Intel x86 family share the same basic
  architecture
• The IBM System/370 family share the same basic
  architecture
• This gives code compatibility
• Organization differs between different versions

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Structure Function

• A hierarchical system is a set of interrelated
  subsystems.
• At each level, the system consists of a set of
  components and their interrelationship.
• The behaviour at each level depends only on a
  simplified abstracted characterization of the
  system at the next lower level.
• At each, the designer is concerned with
• Structure is the way in which components relate
  to each other
• Function is the operation of individual
  components as part of the structure

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Structure Function

• Two descriptions
• Bottom-up
• Starting at the bottom and building up to a
  complete description.
• Top-down
• Beginning with a top view and decomposing the
  system into its subparts.
• The clearest and most effective.

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Function

• All computer functions are
• Data processing
• Data storage
• Data movement
• Control

Functional view of a computer
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Operations (1) Data movement

• Data movement
• e.g. keyboard to screen

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Operations (2) Storage

• Storage
• Even if processing data on the fly
• e.g. Internet download to disk

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Operation (3) Processing from/to storage

• Processing from/to storage
• e.g. updating bank statement

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Operation (4)Processing from storage to I/O

• Processing from storage to I/O
• e.g. printing a bank statement

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The Structure of Computer

• The computer interacts in some fashion with its
  external environment.
• Peripherals
• Communication lines

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Structure - Top Level
Computer
Peripherals
Central Processing Unit
Main Memory
Computer
Systems Interconnection
Input Output
Communication lines
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Structure - The CPU
CPU
Arithmetic and Login Unit
Computer
Registers
I/O
CPU
System Bus
Internal CPU Interconnection
Memory
Control Unit
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Structure - The Control Unit
Control Unit
CPU
Sequencing Login
ALU
Control Unit
Internal Bus
Control Unit Registers and Decoders
Registers
Control Memory
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Outline of the Book (1)

• Computer Evolution and Performance
• Computer Interconnection Structures
• Internal Memory
• External Memory
• Input/Output
• Operating Systems Support
• Computer Arithmetic
• Instruction Sets

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Outline of the Book (2)

• CPU Structure and Function
• Reduced Instruction Set Computers
• Superscalar Processors
• Control Unit Operation
• Microprogrammed Control
• Multiprocessors and Vector Processing
• Digital Logic (Appendix)

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Internet Resources- Web site for book

• http//WilliamStallings.com/COA6e.html
• links to sites of interest
• links to sites for courses that use the book
• errata list for book
• information on other books by W. Stallings
• http//WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html
• Math
• How-to
• Research resources
• Misc

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Internet Resources- Web sites to look for

• WWW Computer Architecture Home Page
• CPU Info Center
• ACM Special Interest Group on Computer
  Architecture
• IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Architecture
• Intel Technology Journal
• Manufacturers sites
• Intel, IBM, etc.

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Internet Resources - Usenet News Groups

• comp.arch
• comp.arch.arithmetic
• comp.arch.storage
• comp.parallel